From geotechnical analysis to quantification and modelling using LiDAR data: a study on rockfall in the Reintal catchment, Bavarian Alps, Germany
From geotechnical analysis to quantification and modelling using LiDAR data: a study on rockfall in the Reintal catchment, Bavarian Alps, Germany
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DOI：
10.1002/esp.2250
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
T. Heckmann;Martin Bimböse;M. Krautblatter;F. Haas;M. Becht;D. Morche
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Heckmann;Martin Bimböse;M. Krautblatter;F. Haas;M. Becht;D. Morche
在2007年，在Reintal流域（北方石灰质阿尔卑斯山，德国）500 BP岩滑的陡坎内观察到了增强的落石活动;一系列事件中最大的一次发生在8月，当时几乎有50000 m³的岩石从近垂直的岩石面上脱落并沉积在岩屑锥上。在这个案例研究中，我们集中在三个方面的落石研究：首先，我们汇编详细的地貌和岩土工程的结果，以解释最近的事件的原因。实验室测试和稳定性评估的结果表明，落石活动将持续在未来的老岩滑崖仍然包含不稳定的岩体。其次，我们使用事件前机载激光雷达测量（ALS）和事件后地面激光扫描（TLS）的数字高程数据来量化落石事件的地形变化和质量平衡。ALS高程数据的广泛可用性为使用相对便宜的TLS调查量化新事件提供了一个很好的机会;这种方法由于ALS和TLS数据难以配准以及陡峭（ALS）和平坦（TLS）地形中的特定几何问题而导致的不确定性而变得复杂;因此它至少限于中等规模的事件。第三，使用LiDAR调查结果和改进的基于GIS的落石模型模拟事件，以测试其预测堆积锥上沉积的范围和空间分布的能力。结果表明，该模型一般再现的过程域和地形变化的空间分布，但经常低估和高估沉积高度。版权所有© 2011约翰威利父子有限公司.
In the year 2007, enhanced rockfall activity was observed within the scarp of a 500 BP rockslide in the Reintal catchment (Northern Calcareous Alps, Germany); the largest of a series of events took place in August, when almost 50000 m³ of rock were detached from the subvertical rock face and deposited on a talus cone. In this case study, we focus on three aspects of rockfall research: first, we compile detailed geomorphological and geotechnical findings to explain the causes of the recent events. The results of laboratory tests and stability estimations suggest that rockfall activity will persist in the future as the old rockslide scarp still contains unstable rock masses. Second, we use digital elevation data from a pre‐event airborne LiDAR survey (ALS) and post‐event terrestrial laserscanning (TLS) to quantify landform changes and the mass balance of the rockfall event(s). The widespread availability of ALS elevation data provides a good opportunity to quantify fresh events using a comparatively inexpensive TLS survey; this approach is complicated by uncertainties resulting from the difficult coregistration of ALS and TLS data and the specific geometric problems in steep (ALS) and flat (TLS) terrain; it is therefore limited to at least medium‐sized events. Third, the event(s) is simulated using the results of the LiDAR surveys and a modified GIS‐based rockfall model in order to test its capability of predicting the extent and the spatial distribution of deposition on the talus cone. Results show that the model generally reproduces the process domain and the spatial distribution of topographic changes but frequently under‐ and over‐estimates deposition heights. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.