The Tango of Two Deadly Sins: The Social-Functional Relation of Envy and Pride
The Tango of Two Deadly Sins: The Social-Functional Relation of Envy and Pride
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DOI：
10.1037/pspi0000026
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Crusius, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lange, Jens;Crusius, Jan
嫉妒源于社会上对上级标准的比较。它的两种不同形式是针对以不同的方式改变这种情况，要么成为成功的被嫉妒的人（良性嫉妒）或通过降低被嫉妒的人的优势（恶意嫉妒）。从本质上说，嫉妒是一种社会现象。然而，大多数以前的研究都集中在其内在的过程，忽视了嫉妒的人际核心。相比之下，我们在6项研究（N = 1，513）中发现，嫉妒和骄傲在社会功能关系中交织在一起。嫉妒和骄傲经常同时发生（研究1），骄傲的表现会增强嫉妒的感觉（研究2和3）。具体来说，真实的（归因于努力的成功）和傲慢的骄傲（归因于天赋的成功）将嫉妒的意图和行为调节为良性和恶意的形式（研究2至6）。这种影响是通过喜欢，感知声望和感知优势（研究4）介导的。根据社会功能的方法，只有当真实的和傲慢的骄傲是由上级的人表达，而不是当有关上级的人的感情的信息是简单地在环境中（研究5）。当参与者回忆起嫉妒的情况（研究1）时，当他们想象处于竞争的情况（研究3，4和5）时，或者当嫉妒被引发时（研究2和6），这些影响都存在。我们的研究结果显示了研究嫉妒作为一种社会现象的价值，并在人际和群体间水平上开辟了许多研究嫉妒的途径。
Envy stems from a social comparison with a superior standard. Its 2 distinct forms are directed at changing this situation in different ways, either by becoming as successful as the envied person (in benign envy) or by lowering the envied person's advantage (in malicious envy). In essence, envy is thus a social phenomenon. Nevertheless, most previous research has focused on its underlying intrapersonal processes, overlooking envy's interpersonal core. In contrast, we show in 6 studies (N = 1,513) that envy and pride are intertwined in a social-functional relationship. Envy and pride often co-occur (Study 1) and pride displays enhance envious feelings (Studies 2 and 3). Specifically, authentic (success attributed to effort) and hubristic pride (success attributed to talent) modulate envious intentions and behavior toward their benign and malicious form (Study 2 to 6). This effect is mediated via liking, perceived prestige, and perceived dominance (Study 4). In accordance with a social-functional approach, the effects emerge only when authentic and hubristic pride are expressed by the superior person and not when the respective information about the superior person's feelings is simply available in the environment (Study 5). These effects are present when participants recall envy situations (Study 1), when they imagine being in a competitive situation (Studies 3, 4, and 5), or when envy is elicited in situ (Studies 2 and 6). Our findings show the value of studying envy as a social phenomenon and open up numerous avenues for research on envy at the interpersonal and intergroup level.