A spatial analytical approach to assess the impact of a casino on crime: An example of JACK Casino in downtown Cincinnati
A spatial analytical approach to assess the impact of a casino on crime: An example of JACK Casino in downtown Cincinnati
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cities.2020.103003
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Minxuan Lan;Lin Liu;J. Eck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Minxuan Lan;Lin Liu;J. Eck
这项研究探讨了随着时间的推移，赌场对多种犯罪类型的宏观和微观影响。杰克赌场于2013年3月4日开业，位于俄亥俄州辛辛那提的中央商务区附近。我们使用2010年至2016年的加权位移商和一系列负二项模型来比较赌场附近区域（400米内）与整个城市之间的犯罪模式。结果表明，赌场有不同的影响，财产和暴力犯罪方面的犯罪密度和空间模式。在赌场的邻近地区，财产犯罪密度在建设年份（2012年）和开业年份（2013年）有所下降，但在随后的几年（2014-2016年）有所增加。与此同时，该市财产犯罪总体下降。此外，赌场开业后，财产犯罪事件开始聚集在赌场周围。我们证实了这种距离衰减的统计分析在宏观（全市范围内）和微观（邻近地区）尺度。相比之下，赌场并没有表现出对暴力犯罪如此明显的影响。赌场开业后，暴力犯罪密度最初有所增加，随后下降到赌场开业前的水平。与此同时，尽管赌场周围的暴力犯罪模式因赌场而略有改变，但这种变化在统计上并不显著。财产和暴力犯罪之间的区别，以应对赌场的开放是一个重要的贡献，文献。我们的研究结果还表明，审查赌场的微观空间和时间影响至关重要，而不是依赖于对整个司法管辖区犯罪水平的横截面检查。此外，这一办法应普遍适用于其他区域。
This study examines the macro and micro impacts of a casino on multiple crime types over time. JACK Casino, opened on March 4, 2013, is near the Central Business District of Cincinnati, Ohio. We use the weighted displacement quotient and a series of negative binomial models for the years from 2010 to 2016 to compare before-and-after crime patterns within the neighboring area of the casino (within 400-meter) compared to the entire city. Results show that the casino has differing effects on property and violent crime in regard to crime density and spatial patterns. Within the casino's neighboring area, property crime density decreased in the year of construction (2012) and the year of opening (2013), but increased in the following years (2014–2016). At the same time, the city experienced an overall decline in property crime. Also, property crime incidents started to cluster around the casino after its opening. We confirmed this distance decay by statistical analyses at both macro (citywide) and micro (neighboring area) scales. In contrast, the casino did not show such an obvious impact on violent crime. The initial increase of violent crime density just after the casino opened was followed by a drop to the pre-casino level. Meanwhile, although violent crime patterns around the casino were slightly altered because of the casino, the change was not statistically significant. The difference between property and violent crime in response to the casino's opening is an important contribution to the literature. Our findings also demonstrate that it is vital to examine the micro-spatial and temporal impact of casinos, rather than rely on the cross-sectional examination of jurisdiction-wide crime levels. Further, this approach should be generally applicable to other regions.