STRATEGIES OF COMMUNICATION: Intercultural Workplace Communication between an Australian Expatriate and Japanese Co-Workers in Japan.
STRATEGIES OF COMMUNICATION: Intercultural Workplace Communication between an Australian Expatriate and Japanese Co-Workers in Japan.
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沟通策略：澳大利亚侨民与在日本的日本同事之间的跨文化工作场所沟通。
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
S. O'connell
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作者：
S. O'connell
随着全球化的发展，世界各地的工作场所在文化上越来越多样化，因此，越来越重视外籍员工和当地员工之间的工作场所沟通。本实证研究试图对跨文化工作场所沟通进行更丰富的描述和更深入的理解，而不是在外籍-本地员工文献和跨文化沟通话语中进行阐述。本文通过一个个案的民族志研究，探讨了澳大利亚-日本跨文化职场交际在日本的具体语境。具体而言，它探讨了高第二语言（L2）（日本）的能力和文化智能的澳大利亚侨民与他的日本同事沟通时，特别注重他所使用的通信住宿策略的使用和互动。通过一系列的工作场所的谈话主题，出现了在研究现场进行了为期六个月的实地考察，寻求澳大利亚侨民在日本使用的沟通策略的多个角度。现场研究采用了一系列数据收集技术，包括问卷调查、现场观察、录音和对澳大利亚侨民及其日本同事的深入访谈，以获得研究参与者的多个观点。自我民族志哲学的纳入也让研究者，我自己，作为一个双语和双文化的外籍人士，通过探索研究结果来反思自己的沟通策略。通过阐述二语能力和文化智力之间的相互作用，本研究对以往文献中将二语能力和文化智力分离开来研究工作场所跨文化交际能力的观点进行了拓展（Du-Babcock & Babcock，1996，1998，1999; Marriott，1993，1997; Harris & Bargiela-Chiappini，2003;塞尔默，2001，2005）。通过民族志研究结果的主题分析，我具体展示了澳大利亚侨民如何交织他的L2水平和文化智能，以有效地与他的日本同事沟通。此外，本研究的结果拓宽了目前的理解，住宿策略及其有效性，在跨文化工作场所的沟通，通过纳入上述多角度（澳大利亚侨民，日本同事和双语/双文化研究人员）的澳大利亚侨民的工作场所的沟通表现的现场研究期间捕获的评价。与之前有关外籍员工与当地员工沟通的大部分文献中充满轶事的发现相反（例如，Du-Babcock & Babcock，1996，1998，1999; Peltokorpi 2006，2007，2008;塞尔默，2005），本研究发现文化智力确实在外派人员使用的适应策略中发挥着重要作用。换句话说，对澳大利亚外派人员和他的日本同事之间的对话录音的分析以及后续评估访谈的结果表明，双语外派人员的文化智力越高，他们就越有可能在第二语言中适应他们的策略，从而得到当地员工的积极评价。更重要的是，澳大利亚/日本的工作场所动态的具体情况下，提供了主题有用的见解，日本的沟通策略，被认为是有利于成功的沟通，日本当地的工作人员在日本的澳大利亚侨民。在这方面，调查结果也可能有助于语言政策，在澳大利亚的日语学习的未来内容的方式，具体的日语使用的工作场所的实际例子。本研究表明，未来的研究和文献的交互作用的第二语言水平和文化智力在不同的情况下，将有助于进一步了解有效的适应策略，在跨文化的工作场所的沟通。更重要的是，实证研究结果提供了未来的研究范围，在特定的跨文化交际背景下的澳大利亚人和日本人一起工作，在日本和澳大利亚的文化多样性的环境中，包括澳大利亚-日本的关系和文化多样性的影响因素的能力。
Workplaces around the world are becoming ever more culturally diverse through the advance of globalisation, and as a result, more attention is being given to workplace communication between expatriates and local staff. This empirical study attempts to craft a richer description and deeper understanding of intercultural workplace communication than that elaborated in expatriate-local staff literature and intercultural communication discourse. This thesis, through a single-case ethnographical study, explores the specific context of Australian-Japanese intercultural workplace communication in Japan. Specifically, it explores the use and interaction of high second-language (L2) (Japanese) competency and cultural intelligence by an Australian expatriate when communicating with his Japanese co-workers with a particular focus on the communication accommodation strategies used by him. Multiple perspectives on the communication strategies used in Japanese by the Australian expatriate are sought through an array of workplace conversation themes that emerged from the six-month fieldwork conducted at the research site. The on-site research employed an array of data collection techniques, including a questionnaire, on-site observation, audio-recordings and in-depth interviews of the Australia expatriate and his Japanese co-workers in order to acquire multiple perspectives from the research participants. The inclusion of auto-ethnographic philosophy also allowed the researcher, myself, as a bilingual and bicultural expatriate to reflect on his own communication strategies by exploring the findings. By illustrating how L2 proficiency and cultural intelligence interact, the present study expands upon the literature that has questioned the separation of L2 competency and cultural intelligence in studying intercultural communication competence in the workplace (Du-Babcock & Babcock, 1996, 1998, 1999; Marriott, 1993, 1997; Harris & Bargiela-Chiappini, 2003; Selmer, 2001, 2005). Through a thematic analysis of the ethnographic findings, I specifically show how the Australian expatriate intertwines his L2 proficiency and cultural intelligence in order to communicate effectively with his Japanese co-workers. Moreover, the findings of the present study broaden current understanding of accommodation strategies and their effectiveness in intercultural workplace communication through the incorporation of the above-mentioned multiple-perspective (Australian expatriate, Japanese co-workers and bilingual/bicultural researcher) evaluation of the Australian expatriate’s workplace communication performances captured during the on-site research. In contrast to anecdote-laden findings present within much of the previous literature on expatriate-local staff communication (e.g., Du-Babcock & Babcock, 1996, 1998, 1999; Peltokorpi 2006, 2007, 2008; Selmer, 2005), the present study finds that cultural intelligence does indeed play a significant role in the accommodation strategies used by an expatriate. In other words, the analysis of the recorded conversations between the Australian expatriate and his Japanese co-workers and the results from the follow-up evaluation interviews show that the higher the bilingual expatriates’ cultural intelligence, the more likely they are to able to accommodate their strategies in L2, so as to be evaluated positively by local staff. More importantly, the specific context of an Australian/Japanese workplace dynamic provides thematically useful insights into Japanese communication strategies used by an Australian expatriate that are deemed conducive to successful communication by Japanese local staff in Japan. In this regard, the findings potentially contribute also to language policy regarding future content of Japanese language studies in Australia by way of actual examples of specific Japanese language use for the workplace. The present study suggests that future research and literature on the interaction of L2 language proficiency and cultural intelligence in different contexts will contribute to further understanding of effective accommodation strategies in intercultural workplace communication. More importantly, the empirical findings provide scope for future research in the specific intercultural communication context of Australians and Japanese working together in culturally diverse environments in Japan and Australia, including how the elements of the Australia-Japan relationship and cultural diversity impact on the competence.