Prediction of volcanic eruption by measuring the chemical composition and amounts of gases
Prediction of volcanic eruption by measuring the chemical composition and amounts of gases
复制标题
通过测量气体的化学成分和数量来预测火山喷发
DOI：
10.1007/bf02597298
复制
发表时间：
1963
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Kamiya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Noguchi;H. Kamiya
Mt.Mt.浅间弥生位于日本主岛的中心部分，是众所周知的活火山，经常发射安山岩炸弹和熔岩。这座山海拔约2660米。地球物理学家特别是东京大学的米纳卡米博士和气象台Karuizawa分站的Sekiya先生，通过测量火山的地形变化、火山震动和地流等物理性质来预测这座山的喷发。由于火山喷发是由不断升高的气体压力引起的，因此研究来自岩浆储集层的挥发性物质是非常重要的。作者之一野口从地球化学的角度，对浅马山及邻近地区自1933年以来几乎所有泉水和泉气的化学成分变化进行了精确的研究，发现浅马山泉水和泉气的化学成分的变化。除了活动火山口内的火山活动外，ASAMA与山体的火山活动几乎没有关系。在第二个Somma Maekakeyama的内壁有烟孔，释放出蒸汽和少量二氧化碳。这些富马尔气体的喷口温度约为44℃。野口在1936年7月22日下午1点，即同一天晚上9点24分大喷发前约8小时，观测到了这些富马尔气体的温度和化学成分。这些观测的结果表明，所获得的值与Mt.浅间弥生处于休眠状态。至于最近山体的活动。1958年10月11日，阿萨马，休眠三年后，火山灰首次从活跃的陨石坑中喷发出来。10月19日、27日、29日和11月1日、6日，灰烬再次喷发，
Mt. Asama is located at the center part of Japan's main island and is well known as an active volcano which frequently emits andesitic bombs and lavas. The height of this mountain is about 2660 m above sea level. The studies of prediction of eruption of this mountain by measuring physical properties of volcanoes such as topographical change, volcanic tremor and earth current etc. have been done by geophysicists, especially by Dr. Minakami of Tokyo University and Mr. Sekiya of the Karuizawa Branch Station of Meteorological Observatory. Many excellent results were reported by these investigators.Since it is clear that volcanic eruptions are caused by the increasing gaseous pressure, the study of volatile matters from magma reservoirs is very important. From a geochemical stand point, Noguchi, one of the authors, has precisely studied the variation of chemical composition of almost all spring waters and gases of Mt Asama and neighbouring area since 1933, and has found that the change of chemical composition of spring water and gases of Mt. Asama had almost no relationship with volcanic activity of the mountain except that inside the active crater. There are fumaroles at the inner wall of the second somma, Maekakeyama, emitting a steam and small quantity of carbon dioxide. The orifice temperature of these fumarole gases were about 44 C. The temperature and chemical composition of these fumarole gases were observed by Noguchi at 1: 00 pm of July 22nd, 1936, that is, roughly 8 hours before the great eruption which occurred at 9: 24 pm on the same day. The results of these observations showed that the values obtained were almost the same as when Mt. Asama was dormant. As for the recent activity of Mt. Asama, on October 11th, 1958, volcanic ashes were emitted from the active crater for the first time after three years of dormancy. On the 19th, 27th, and 29th of October and 1st and 6th of November, ashes were again emitted and