Future Prospects for International Forest Law
Future Prospects for International Forest Law
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国际森林法的未来前景
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Mackenzie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Mackenzie
本文分析了自1992年以来国际森林法的发展，并对其未来成功的前景进行了评估。在1992年联合国环境与发展会议上，一些国家认为制订一项全球森林条约将导致在全球范围内进行可持续的森林管理。然而，对拟议的条约的反对非常强烈，因此，各国同意了一项不具约束力的森林文书。自1992年以来，制定了各种法律、制度、政策和方案，但没有一项能显著减少森林砍伐。创建一项全球森林条约仍在联合国森林论坛（UNFF）的议程上，并将在2015年重新审议。本文考虑了关于全球森林条约的争论，分析了可能出现的法律和实际困难，并讨论了在国际法律体系内的其他四条前进道路。这些措施包括为现有条约增加议定书、修正现有条约、制订区域倡议和继续联合国森林论坛。它认为，由于法治薄弱或无效和管理不善，现有法律的执行在几个主要的森林国家受到限制。由此得出的结论是，森林立法人员的当务之急应该是促进法治和加强现有的国家和国际机构，而不是制定新的国际法。
SUMMARY This article analyses the development of international forest law in the period since the 1992 and assesses the prospects for its future success. At the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development it was assumed by some countries that creation of a global forest treaty would lead to sustainable forest management on a global scale. Opposition to the proposed treaty was, however, strong so instead, a non-binding forest instrument was agreed. Since 1992, a variety of laws, institutions, policies and programs have been created but none has significantly reduced deforestation. The creation of a global forest treaty remains on the agenda of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) and will be reconsidered in 2015. This paper considers the arguments for a global forest treaty, analyses the legal and practical difficulties which may emerge, and discusses four other paths forward within the international legal system. These include the addition of protocols to existing treaties, amendment of existing treaties, creation of regional initiatives and continuation of UNFF It argues that the implementation of existing law is limited in several key forest countries by the weak or ineffective rule of law and poor governance. This leads to the conclusion that furtherance of the rule of law and the strengthening of existing national and international institutions, not the creation of new international law, should be the immediate priority of forest law-makers.