Bias in phylogenetic measurements of extinction and a case study of end‐Permian tetrapods
Bias in phylogenetic measurements of extinction and a case study of end‐Permian tetrapods
复制标题
灭绝的系统发育测量的偏差和二叠纪末四足动物的案例研究
DOI：
10.1111/pala.12274
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
M. Friedman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Soul;M. Friedman
现代世界的灭绝风险和地质学上的灭绝往往与生活史的各个方面或生物学的其他方面有关，这些方面在进化枝中是遗传上保守的。这些联系可以导致灭绝的系统发育聚类，这是一种在缺乏详细性状数据的情况下可以在不同分支和时间段进行比较的测量。这种系统发育方法特别适用于脊椎动物分类群，这些分类群通常具有零碎的化石记录，但具有强大的分支推断树。在这里，我们使用模拟调查的措施时，适用于化石类群，同时假设一个布朗运动模型的性状进化的系统发育聚类灭绝。我们描述了各种进化和分析场景下的预期偏差。灭绝聚类的准确估计的恢复在很大程度上取决于采样率，并且结果在拓扑结构之间可能具有很大的差异。在低采样率下，聚类往往被低估，而在高采样率下，它总是被高估。采样率决定了哪种分支图时间尺度方法将产生最准确的结果，以及祖先-后代对引入多少偏差。我们说明了这种方法，通过应用两个系统发育指标的灭绝聚类（弗里茨和Purvis的D和莫兰的我）的三个四足动物分支跨越一个间隔，包括二叠纪-三叠纪大规模灭绝事件。这些群体一致地显示出灭绝的系统发育聚类，与其他定量指标（如分类多样性或灭绝强度）的变化无关。
Extinction risk in the modern world and extinction in the geological past are often linked to aspects of life history or other facets of biology that are phylogenetically conserved within clades. These links can result in phylogenetic clustering of extinction, a measurement comparable across different clades and time periods that can be made in the absence of detailed trait data. This phylogenetic approach is particularly suitable for vertebrate taxa, which often have fragmentary fossil records, but robust, cladistically‐inferred trees. Here we use simulations to investigate the adequacy of measures of phylogenetic clustering of extinction when applied to phylogenies of fossil taxa while assuming a Brownian motion model of trait evolution. We characterize expected biases under a variety of evolutionary and analytical scenarios. Recovery of accurate estimates of extinction clustering depends heavily on the sampling rate, and results can be highly variable across topologies. Clustering is often underestimated at low sampling rates, whereas at high sampling rates it is always overestimated. Sampling rate dictates which cladogram timescaling method will produce the most accurate results, as well as how much of a bias ancestor–descendant pairs introduce. We illustrate this approach by applying two phylogenetic metrics of extinction clustering (Fritz and Purvis's D and Moran's I) to three tetrapod clades across an interval including the Permo‐Triassic mass extinction event. These groups consistently show phylogenetic clustering of extinction, unrelated to change in other quantitative metrics such as taxonomic diversity or extinction intensity.
为什么系统发育回归对树错误指定表现出稳健。
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Stone,EricA
通讯作者：
Stone,EricA