The future of water and sanitation: global challenges and the need for greater ambition
The future of water and sanitation: global challenges and the need for greater ambition
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DOI：
10.2166/aqua.2021.127
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Howard, Guy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard, Guy
水和卫生服务对于公共卫生至关重要。这些服务的重要性反映在可持续发展目标 6 及相关具体目标 6.1、6.2 和 6.3 中。实现这些目标还有很多进展，但已经很明显的是，我们需要更大的雄心。本文着眼于三大全球挑战：需要提高保护公共卫生（包括传染性呼吸道疾病）的服务水平；卫生设施在对抗微生物耐药性（AMR）方面的作用；以及建立更具气候适应能力的服务的迫切需要。我们需要升级可持续发展目标，重点关注在场所普遍获得自来水、将抗微生物药物耐药性行动纳入安全卫生设施的定义中，并纳入提高抵御能力的行动，同时考虑到可持续发展目标 6 的具体目标所要求的更大雄心。这需要该部门转变思维，从依赖家庭和社区来管理其服务，转向由经过培训的技术、管理和财务人员提供资金充足、专业的服务。这将需要更多的公共财政和更好地利用在其他部门已被证明有效的金融工具。增强我们的雄心意味着世界能够实现普遍获得安全、可持续和有弹性的服务并保护公众健康的目标。
Water and sanitation services are critical for public health. The importance of these services is reflected in SDG 6 and the associated targets 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3. Much progress remains to be made to achieve these targets, but it is already becoming clear that greater ambition is needed. This paper looks at three global challenges: the need to increase the level of service to protect public health including infectious respiratory diseases; the role of sanitation in combatting anti-microbial resistance (AMR); and the urgent need to build more climate-resilient services. We need to upgrade the SDG targets to focus on universal access to piped water on premises, to incorporate action on AMR in definitions of safe sanitation and to embed actions to improve resilience, which take into account the greater ambition called for in the SDG 6 targets. This requires a shift in thinking in the sector, away from relying on households and communities to manage their services to properly funded, professional services staffed by trained technical, managerial and finance staff. This will require more public finance and better use of financial instruments that have proved effective in other sectors. Increasing our ambition will mean the world can achieve the aim of universal access to safe, sustainable, and resilient services and protect public health.