Thermodynamic properties of Gd-Bi alloys determined by emf measurements in LiCl-KCl-GdCl3 electrolyte

Thermodynamic properties of Gd-Bi alloys determined by emf measurements in LiCl-KCl-GdCl3 electrolyte
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通过 LiCl-KCl-GdCl3 电解质中的电动势测量确定 Gd-Bi 合金的热力学性能

DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161229
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Kim, Hojong
Kim, Hojong
中科院分区:
材料科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baldivieso, Stephanie Castro;Smith, Nathan D.;Im, Sanghyeok;Kim, Hojong

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二元 Gd-Bi 合金(摩尔分数,x Gd= 0.02–0.35)的热力学性质通过熔融 LiCl-KCl-GdCl 3 电解质中的电动势 (emf) 测量以及结构、微观结构和热表征来确定。 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 鉴定出 Gd-Bi 合金 (x Gd= 0.02–0.35) 的相成分为 Bi 基体和 GdBi 化合物。根据高达 1250 K 的差示扫描量热法 (DSC) 测量,在 543 K 时观察到共晶转变 [L= Bi+ GdBi],但未检测到报道的包晶转变 [L+ GdBi= GdBi 2],表明不存在 GdBi 2 化合物。根据Gd-Bi合金(x Gd= 0.02–0.35)的结构、微观结构和热表征,没有检测到GdBi 2 化合物,其热力学稳定性值得怀疑。通过以 25 K 增量电沉积纯 Gd 金属来测量 Gd-Bi 合金 (x Gd= 0.16) 在 700–1048 K 相对于 Gd (s) 的电动势。 Gd-Bi 合金的电动势值是通过使用两相 [L+ GdBi] 合金作为参比电极在 773-973 K 下将 Gd 滴定到液体 Bi 中来测定的。Gd 在液体 Bi 中的溶解度也估计为 0.50 mol%(773 K)、0.99 mol%(873 K) 和 2.21 mol%(973 K) 以及过量的部分摩尔液态 Gd-Bi 合金的吉布斯能 (Δ G ̅ Gd ex) 低至 65 kJ mol–1,表明 Gd 和 Bi 之间存在强烈的化学相互作用。
Thermodynamic properties of binary Gd-Bi alloys (mole fraction, x Gd= 0.02–0.35) were determined using electromotive force (emf) measurements in molten LiCl-KCl-GdCl 3 electrolyte in complement with structural, microstructural, and thermal characterization. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified the phase constituents of Gd-Bi alloys (x Gd= 0.02–0.35) as Bi matrix and GdBi compound. According to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements up to 1250 K, a eutectic transition [L= Bi+ GdBi] was observed at 543 K but the reported peritectic transition [L+ GdBi= GdBi 2] was not detected, suggesting the absence of the GdBi 2 compound. Based on structural, microstructural, and thermal characterization of Gd-Bi alloys (x Gd= 0.02–0.35), the GdBi 2 compound was not detected, and its thermodynamic stability is questionable. The emf of Gd-Bi alloy (x Gd= 0.16) at 700–1048 K relative to Gd (s) was measured by electrodepositing pure Gd metal at 25 K increments. The emf values of Gd-Bi alloys were determined via coulometric titration of Gd into liquid Bi using a two-phase [L+ GdBi] alloy as a reference electrode at 773–973 K. The solubility of Gd in liquid Bi was also estimated to be 0.50 mol%(773 K), 0.99 mol%(873 K), and 2.21 mol%(973 K) and the excess partial molar Gibbs energy (∆ G ̅ Gd ex) of liquid Gd-Bi alloys was as low as 65 kJ mol–1, indicating strong chemical interactions between Gd and Bi.
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