Development of electrical insulator coatings for fusion power applications
Development of electrical insulator coatings for fusion power applications
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开发用于聚变发电应用的电绝缘体涂层
DOI：
10.1016/0920-3796(95)90184-1
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
R. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Park;T. Domenico;G. Dragel;R. Clark
在聚变包层应用的液态金属冷却系统的设计中，结构材料的耐腐蚀性和磁流体动力学（MHD）力及其对热工水力学和腐蚀的后续影响是主要关注的问题。本研究的目的是在液体-金属-结构-材料界面处开发稳定的耐腐蚀电绝缘体涂层，重点是防止不利的MHD产生的电流通过结构壁的电绝缘涂层。钒和钒基合金（V <$Ti或V <$Ti <$Cr）是聚变堆结构应用的主要候选材料。当系统由液态金属冷却时，与冷却剂接触的管道表面需要绝缘涂层。在V、V 5 Ti和V 20 Ti、V 5Cr 5 Ti和V 15 Cr 5 Ti和Ti以及304和316型不锈钢上产生各种金属间化合物膜。金属间化合物层通过将材料暴露于含有3-5原子%的液体Li而显影。在416-880°C的温度下溶解的金属溶质（例如Al、Be、Mg、Si、Ca、Pt和Cr）。随后，通过反应性层与液态Li中溶解的N的反应或通过在600-1000°C的受控条件下的空气氧化来产生电绝缘体涂层。这些反应将金属间化合物层转化为电绝缘的氧化物-氮化物或氧氮化物层。该涂覆方法适用于反应器组件。液态金属可以反复使用，因为只有溶质在液态金属中被消耗。该技术可以应用于各种形状（例如管的内部或外部，复杂的几何形状），因为涂层是通过液相反应形成的。本文讨论了涂层的性质（组合物，厚度，附着力，表面覆盖率）和它们的原位电阻率特性在液体锂在高温下的初步结果。
In the design of liquid-metal cooling systems for fusion blanket applications, the corrosion resistance of structural materials and the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) force and its subsequent influence on thermal hydraulics and corrosion are major concerns. The objective of this study was to develop stable corrosion-resistant electrical insulator coatings at the liquid-metal-structural-material interface, with emphasis on electrically insulating coatings that prevent adverse MHD-generated currents from passing through the structural walls. Vanadium and V-base alloys (VTi or VTiCr) are leading candidate materials for structural applications in fusion reactors. When the system is cooled by liquid metals, insulator coatings are required on piping surfaces in contact with the coolant. Various intermetallic films were produced on V, V5Ti, and V20Ti, V5Cr5Ti, and V15Cr5Ti, and Ti, and on types 304 and 316 stainless steel. The intermetallic layers were developed by exposure of the materials to liquid Li containing 3–5 at.% dissolved metallic solute (e.g. Al, Be, Mg, Si, Ca, Pt, and Cr) at temperatures of 416–880°C. Subsequently, electrical insulator coatings were produced by reaction of the reactive layers with dissolved N in liquid Li or by air oxidation under controlled conditions at 600–1000°C. These reactions converted the intermetallic layers to electrically insulating oxide-nitride or oxynitride layers. This coating method is applicable to reactor components. The liquid metal can be used over and over because only the solutes are consumed within the liquid metal. The technique can be applied to various shapes (e.g. inside or outside of tubes, complex geometrical shapes) because the coating is formed by liquid-phase reaction. This paper discusses initial results on the nature of the coatings (composition, thickness, adhesion, surface coverage) and their in situ electrical resistivity characteristics in liquid Li at high temperatures.