Ghana's Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective
Ghana's Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective
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加纳的基础设施：大陆视角
DOI：
10.1596/1813-9450-5600
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Foster
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nataliya Pushak;V. Foster
在2000年代，基础设施对加纳人均国内生产总值年增长率的贡献略高于一个百分点。将该国的基础设施禀赋提高到该区域中等收入国家的水平，可以将年增长率提高2.7个百分点以上。与非洲其他低收入国家相比，加纳拥有先进的基础设施平台。该国农村水、电和GSM信号的覆盖水平令人印象深刻。大部分公路网状况良好或一般。在信息和通信技术、港口、道路和供水部门进行了体制改革。加纳最紧迫的挑战在于电力部门，过时的输电和配电资产、快速的需求增长以及周期性的水文冲击使该国依赖高成本的石油发电。由于供水损失特别大，最终用户几乎得不到供水，因此，他们面临间歇性供水的风险。应对加纳的基础设施挑战将需要将年度支出提高到23亿美元。该国每年在基础设施上的支出约为12亿美元，相当于GDP的7.5%。此外，由于效率低下，特别是电力定价过低，每年还有11亿美元的损失，加纳每年的基础设施资金缺口约为4亿美元，主要与电力和水有关。在最近发现石油之后，加纳可以从增加的税收中筹集更多的公共资金。该国有几个强有力的领域可供建设，并有一个坚实的经济基础，可以为逐步努力提供资金。
Infrastructure contributed just over one percentage point to Ghana's annual per capital GDP growth during the 2000s. Raising the countrys infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost the annual growth rate by more than 2.7 percentage points. Ghana has an advanced infrastructure platform when compared with other low-income countries in Africa. The countrys coverage levels for rural water, electricity, and GSM signals are impressive. A large share of the road network is in good or fair condition. Institutional reforms have been adopted in the ICT, ports, roads, and water supply sectors. Ghanas most pressing challenges lie in the power sector, where outmoded transmission and distribution assets, rapid demand growth, and periodic hydrological shocks leave the country reliant on high-cost oil-based generation. Exceptionally high losses in water distribution leave little to reach end customers, who are thus exposed to intermittent supplies. Addressing Ghana's infrastructure challenges will require raising annual expenditures to $2.3 billion. The country already spends about $1.2 billion per year on infrastructure, equivalent to about 7.5 percent of GDP. A further $1.1 billion is lost each year to inefficiencies, notably underpricing of power.Ghana's annual infrastructure funding gap is about $0.4 billion per year, chiefly related to power and water. Following its recent oil discoveries, Ghana can raise additional public funding from increased tax receipts. The country has several strong areas on which to build and a solid economic base from which to fund incremental efforts.