The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system.
The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02405-0
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发表时间：
2002-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Mendelsohn;R. Karas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Mendelsohn;R. Karas
雌激素对心血管系统有直接和间接的影响，这是由雌激素受体 ER-α 和 ER-β 介导的。雌激素的直接影响通过快速非基因组和长期基因组途径发生。雌激素的快速作用由 ER 介导，导致内皮一氧化氮合酶激活，导致动脉血管舒张。长期影响涉及基因和蛋白质表达的变化，调节对损伤和动脉粥样硬化的反应。雌激素还间接影响血清脂蛋白和甘油三酯的分布，以及凝血蛋白和纤溶蛋白的表达。然而，晚期动脉粥样硬化和某些孕激素可能会减弱雌激素的一些保护作用。
Estrogen has direct and indirect effects on the cardiovascular system that are mediated by the estrogen receptors ER-α and ER-β. The direct effects of estrogen occur through rapid nongenomic and longer-term genomic pathways. The rapid effects of estrogen are mediated by ERs and result in the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leading to arterial vasodilation. Longer-term effects involve changes in gene and protein expression, modulating the response to injury and atherosclerosis. Estrogen also indirectly influences serum lipoprotein and triglyceride profiles, and the expression of coagulant and fibrinolytic proteins. Advanced atherosclerosis and certain progestins, however, may attenuate some of the protective effects of estrogen.