Competition between larval Rana palustris and Bufo americanus is not affected by variation in reproductive phenology
Competition between larval Rana palustris and Bufo americanus is not affected by variation in reproductive phenology
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沼泽林蛙和美洲大蟾蜍幼虫之间的竞争不受生殖物候变化的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Alford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Alford
在27个实验池塘中饲养了沼泽蛙和美洲蟾蜍的幼体。每个物种引入池塘在七个不同的时间相对于其他物种的引入时间。同种的密度影响这两个物种的生长速率。蟾蜍的密度影响蛙的生长速度。这两个物种都没有对其他物种的相对引进时间作出反应。较早孵化并引入池塘的蟾蜍比较晚引入的蟾蜍具有更高的存活率，更长的幼虫期，并且以小尺寸出现。它们显然对自己的密度作出反应，改变了生长和发育的速度。蟾蜍的变质时间也可能受到环境温度变化的影响。美洲大蟾蜍（Bufo americanus）和R.在自然界中，沼泽地蝗经常出现在同一个池塘中，并且用于实验的卵收集自同一个池塘。低水平的种间竞争可能反映了避免竞争的共适应。
Larval Rana palustris and Bufo americanus were raised in 27 experimental ponds. Each species was introduced to the ponds at seven different times relative to the time of introduction of the other species. Density of conspecifics affected the growth rates of both species. Density of Bufo affected the growth rate of Rana. Neither species responded to the relative time of introduction of the other species. Bufo that hatched and were introduced to ponds earlier had higher survival rates, longer larval periods, and emerged at small sizes than Bufo that were introduced later. They apparently responded to their own density with altered rates of growth and development. Bufo metamorphic timing may also have been influenced by changes in environmental temperature. Bufo americanus and R. palustris frequently occur in the same ponds in nature, and the eggs used in the experiment were collected from the same pond. The low level of interspecific competition may reflect coadaptation to avoid competition.