Preschool children favor copying a successful individual over an unsuccessful group.
Preschool children favor copying a successful individual over an unsuccessful group.
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DOI：
10.1111/desc.12274
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Matti Wilks;E. Collier-Baker;Mark Nielsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matti Wilks;E. Collier-Baker;Mark Nielsen
人类的模仿和社会学习能力支撑着我们先进的文化实践。虽然社会学习是一种有价值的进化生存策略，但盲目复制并不一定有利于生存。模仿大多数人可以让个人根据特征的出现频率对其价值做出快速判断。这被称为多数偏见：个体倾向于复制群体中最多数量的个体所引发的行为。另一种方法是跟随那些最熟练的人。虽然有证据表明儿童确实表现出这两种过程，但没有研究直接将它们相互对比。为此，在当前的实验中，36 名 4 至 5 岁的儿童观看了现场演员以小组或个人形式演示如何打开新颖的拼图盒。当团体和个人方法成功时，孩子们表现出对大多数人的偏见，但如果团体方法不成功，孩子们就会偏向个人。让孩子加入不成功的多数群体并不会影响这种模式。
The human aptitude for imitation and social learning underpins our advanced cultural practices. While social learning is a valuable evolutionary survival strategy, blind copying does not necessarily facilitate survival. Copying from the majority allows individuals to make rapid judgments on the value of a trait, based on its frequency. This is known as the majority bias: an individual's tendency to copy the behavior elicited by the largest number of individuals in a population. An alternative approach is to follow those who are the most proficient. While there is evidence that children do show both processes, no study has directly pitted them against each other. To do this, in the current experiment 36 children aged between 4 and 5 years watched live actors demonstrate, as a group or individually, how to open novel puzzle boxes. Children exhibited a bias to the majority when group and individual methods were successful, but favored the individual if the group method was unsuccessful. Affiliating children with the unsuccessful majority group did not impact on this pattern.