Hybrid technology hard coating – Electron beam surface hardening
Hybrid technology hard coating – Electron beam surface hardening
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混合技术硬质涂层 – 电子束表面硬化
DOI：
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.05.089
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
R. Hässler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Zenker;G. Sacher;A. Buchwalder;J. Liebich;A. Reiter;R. Hässler
与相对较软的材料相比，硬表面层通常无法表现出其良好的硬度、强度和耐磨性的优点，因此必须在涂覆之前或之后对基材进行额外的热处理。采用高能束{电子束 (EB) 或激光束 (LB)} 的表面处理技术为最常用的整体热处理提供了良好且现代的替代方案。能量沉积精确集中，因此可以将热处理精确地限制在高负载区域以及需要转变（硬化）的深度。因此，散装材料不会被加热到临界温度。整个部件的热负荷被最小化，因此也可以避免变形。本文介绍了 PVD 硬质防护涂层{基于 Ti(C)N、TiAlN、CrxNy 和 DLC}与电子束表面硬化相结合的最新研究结果。用于这些研究的基础材料是不同的钢（非合金钢：C45；低合金工具钢：100Cr6；高合金工具钢：X155CrVMo12-1）。对处理结果有相当大影响的不仅是处理的顺序（镀膜前或后的光束硬化），而且EB表面处理的参数（能量密度分布、处理速度、真空）。讨论处理条件、工艺参数与表面变形、层状结构与成分、结构与成分梯度、基体材料的表面性能、性能梯度和相变行为之间的关系。这些现代组合技术为承受局部高负载的工具和部件开辟了新的工业应用领域。
Hard surface layers often cannot show advantages of their good hardness, strength and wear resistance over relatively soft materials so that an additional thermal treatment of the base materials before or after coating is necessary. Surface treatment technologies with high energy beams {electron beam (EB) or laser beam (LB)} offer a good and modern alternative to the mostly used bulk heat treatment. The energy deposition is precisely focused, so it is possible to exactly limit the heat treatment to highly loaded areas and up to the depth where a transformation (hardening) is necessary. Therefore, the bulk materials are not heated up to critical temperatures. The thermal load of the overall component is minimized and thus distortion can also be avoided. The paper deals with current results of investigations on the combination of PVD hard protective coatings {based on Ti(C)N, TiAlN, CrxNyand DLC} with electron beam surface hardening. Base materials used for these investigations were different steels (unalloyed steel: C45; low alloyed tool steel: 100Cr6; high alloyed tool steel: X155CrVMo12-1). It is not only the sequence of treatments (beam hardening before or after coating) which has a considerable influence on treatment results, but also the parameters of EB surface treatment (energy density distribution, speed of treatment, vacuum). It will be discussed the relations between treatment conditions, process parameters and surface deformation, layer structure and composition, structure and composition gradients, surface properties, properties gradients and transformation behavior of matrix materials. These modern combined technologies open up new fields of industrial application for tools and components subjected to locally high load.