Effect of walking speed on lower extremity joint loading in graded ramp walking.
Effect of walking speed on lower extremity joint loading in graded ramp walking.
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DOI：
10.1080/14763140508522865
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Muller, Erich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwameder, Hermann;Lindenhofer, Elke;Muller, Erich
步行时下肢关节负荷受坡度的影响很大，可能导致下肢关节结构疼痛和损伤。减少关节负荷的一个可行措施是降低步行速度。在平地行走时有积极的效果，但在分级行走或徒步旅行条件下没有。本研究的目的是量化步行速度（分为两个组成部分，步长和节奏）对髋关节，膝关节和踝关节功率的影响，并确定上坡和下坡行走时的膝关节力。10名参与者走上走下斜坡，步长为0.46，0.575和0.69米，节奏为每分钟80，100和120步。坡道配备了一个力平台，运动用60 Hz的摄像机拍摄。使用逆动力学确定下肢关节的载荷。二维膝关节模型用于计算站立阶段膝关节结构中的力。步行速度对下肢关节负荷影响显著。步长的变化引起更大的负荷变化的所有关节相比，节奏的变化，效果更明显，在下坡比上坡行走。结果表明，在上坡和下坡的分级步行过程中，通过改变步长和步频可以有效地控制下肢关节负荷。徒步旅行者可以通过降低行走速度来避免或减少疼痛和伤害，特别是在下坡行走时。
Lower extremity joint loading during walking is strongly affected by the steepness of the slope and might cause pain and injuries in lower extremity joint structures. One feasible measure to reduce joint loading is the reduction of walking speed. Positive effects have been shown for level walking, but not for graded walking or hiking conditions. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of walking speed (separated into the two components, step length and cadence) on the joint power of the hip, knee and ankle and to determine the knee joint forces in uphill and downhill walking. Ten participants walked up and down a ramp with step lengths of 0.46, 0.575 and 0.69 m and cadences of 80, 100 and 120 steps per minute. The ramp was equipped with a force platform and the locomotion was filmed with a 60 Hz video camera. Loading of the lower extremity joints was determined using inverse dynamics. A two-dimensional knee model was used to calculate forces in the knee structures during the stance phase. Walking speed affected lower extremity joint loading substantially and significantly. Change of step length caused much greater loading changes for all joints compared with change of cadence; the effects were more distinct in downhill than in uphill walking. The results indicate that lower extremity joint loading can be effectively controlled by varying step length and cadence during graded uphill and downhill walking. Hikers can avoid or reduce pain and injuries by reducing walking speed, particularly in downhill walking.