Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the risk of type 2 diabetes:: a prospective study in Finland
Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the risk of type 2 diabetes:: a prospective study in Finland
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DOI：
10.1007/s00125-005-1824-1
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Tuomilehto, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, G;Jousilahti, P;Tuomilehto, J
目的/假设：以前没有关于盐摄入量与2型糖尿病风险之间关系的研究报道。本研究的目的是评估高盐摄入（通过24小时尿钠排泄来测量）是否是2型糖尿病的独立危险因素。方法：我们对932名芬兰男性和1003名女性进行前瞻性随访，年龄在35-64岁之间，包括24小时尿钠和钾排泄及其他研究参数的完整数据。对24小时尿钠和尿钾排泄水平不同的2型糖尿病发病率的风险比进行了估计。结果：在平均18.1年的随访中，有129例2型糖尿病发生。多变量校正（年龄、性别、研究年份、体重指数、体力活动、收缩压、抗高血压药物治疗、教育程度、吸烟和咖啡、酒精、水果、蔬菜、香肠、面包和饱和脂肪摄入）24小时尿钠排泄最高四分位数与最低四分位数的糖尿病风险比为2.05 （95% CI, 1.43-2.96）。这种正相关在非肥胖和肥胖受试者、正常血压和高血压受试者以及男性和女性中都存在。钾排泄与2型糖尿病的风险无关。结论/解释：高钠摄入预测2型糖尿病的风险，独立于缺乏运动、肥胖和高血压等其他危险因素。尽管不能完全排除其他饮食因素的混杂影响，但这些结果为成人高盐摄入的有害影响提供了直接证据。
Aims/hypothesis: No previous studies on the association between salt intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess whether high salt intake, measured by 24-h urinary sodium excretion, is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Methods: We followed prospectively 932 Finnish men and 1,003 women aged 35-64 years with complete data on 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and other study parameters. Hazard ratios for the incidence of type 2 diabetes were estimated for different levels of 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Results: During a mean follow-up of 18.1 years, there were 129 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. The multivariate-adjusted (age, sex, study year, body mass index, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment, education, smoking and coffee, alcohol, fruit, vegetable, sausage, bread and saturated fat consumption) hazard ratio for diabetes for the highest vs combined lower quartiles of 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 2.05 (95% CI, 1.43-2.96). This positive association persisted in non-obese and obese subjects, in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, as well as in men and women. Potassium excretion was not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion/Interpretation: High sodium intake predicted the risk of type 2 diabetes, independently of other risk factors including physical inactivity, obesity and hypertension. These results provide direct evidence of the harmful effects of high salt intake in the adult population, although the confounding effect of other dietary factors cannot be fully excluded.