Effects of competition on optimal patch leaving: A war of attrition
Effects of competition on optimal patch leaving: A war of attrition
复制标题
竞争对最佳补丁离开的影响：消耗战
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Haccou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Sjerps;P. Haccou
当资源分布不均时，动物必须决定何时离开一个斑块去寻找一个新的斑块。我们将每个斑块中n≥2只动物的离开决策建模为消耗战的新版本。首先，我们考虑一个特定的斑块，并假设动物在离开该斑块后获得固定的增益率。在这种情况下，最优离职策略取决于是否存在干扰。在没有干扰的情况下，根据边际价值定理，动物应该同时离开。在有干扰的情况下，只有n−K只动物同时离开，其中K是与n无关的一定数量，其余K只动物的进化稳定策略（ESS）是随机的。因此，他们可能在不同的时间离开，并且停留的时间比边际价值定理所期望的要长。随着干扰程度的增加，越来越多的动物同时离开，留下的动物离开的趋势也在增加。增加n的唯一影响是更多的动物同时离开。最后，我们以一种启发式的方式讨论了在动物离开补丁后获得的增益率不固定但取决于所使用的离开策略的情况下如何使用这些结果。当没有干扰时，泛化是直接的。然而，当存在干扰时，在推导ESS时就会出现并发症，因为突变体的存在可能会改变栖息地的平均增益率，从而使突变体比居民具有优势。这种类型的并发症也发生在其他ESS衍生产品，其中局部效应有很强的影响。
Abstract When resources are patchily distributed, animals have to decide when to leave a patch to find a new one. We model this leaving decision for any number n≥2 of animals per patch as a new version of the war of attrition. First, we consider a particular patch and assume that the animals get a fixed gain rate after leaving this patch. In this case, the optimal leaving strategy depends on whether or not there is interference. Without interference, ah animals should leave simultaneously according to the marginal value theorem. With interference, only n − K animals leave simultaneously, where K is a certain number independent of n , and the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) of the remaining K animals is stochastic. As a consequence, they may leave at different times, and stay longer than is expected from the marginal value theorem. As the degree of interference increases more animals leave simultaneously, and the leaving tendency of the remaining ones increases as well. The only effect of increasing n is that more animals leave simultaneously. Finally, we discuss in a heuristic way how to use these results in case the gain rate that the animals get after leaving the patch is not fixed but depends on the leaving strategy that is used. When there is no interference, the generalization is straightforward. When there is interference, however, complications arise in deriving the ESS, since the presence of mutants may change the average gain rate in the habitat in such a way that mutants have an advantage over residents. This type of complication also occurs in other ESS derivations where local effects have a strong influence.