Construction, environmental problems and natural hazards in periglacial mountain belts
Construction, environmental problems and natural hazards in periglacial mountain belts
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冰缘山带的建设、环境问题和自然灾害
DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Haeberli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Haeberli
近年来，冰缘山区人为引起的永久冻土问题的经验有所增加。这些问题可能是局部性的，例如在结冰的地面上建造地基的情况，也可能影响更大的区域，例如在常年和季节性冰冻的地面上准备滑雪道的情况。最严重的自然灾害涉及陡坡上松散、非冻结物质或软弱基岩的泥石流造成的不稳定、侵蚀和位移。这种流动通常是冰川退缩或永久冻土退化的结果，并且与大气变暖有关，而大气变暖在未来可能会持续甚至加速。
人类在这些问题上的行为的最大缺点仍然是对山区永久冻土的无知。这可能源于这样一个事实：永久冻土不直接可见，因此在规划阶段通常不予考虑。冰缘山地建设技术、环境保护和减灾方面最重要的进展可以通过加强科学家和技术人员之间的交流和经验分享来实现。
Experience with man-induced permafrost problems in periglacial mountains has increased during recent years. Such problems can be local, as in the case of building foundations on ice-bearing ground, or can affect larger areas, as in the case of ski-run preparation on perennially and seasonally frozen ground. The most severe natural hazard concerns the destabilization, erosion and displacement by debris flows of loose, non-frozen material or weak bedrock on steep slopes. Such flows often take place as a consequence of glacier retreat or permafrost degradation and relate to atmospheric warming, which may continue or even accelerate in the future.
The greatest drawback in man's behaviour with respect to these problems remains the ignorance of mountain permafrost. This probably originates from the fact that permafrost is not directly visible and, hence, is often not considered in the planning stage. The most important progress with respect to construction technology, environment protection and hazard mitigation in periglacial mountain belts can be achieved by improving communication and sharing of experience among scientists and technicians.