Personal and ambient air pollution is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma.
Personal and ambient air pollution is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9141
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发表时间：
2006-11
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Kleinman, Michael T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Delfino, Ralph J;Staimer, Norbert;Gillen, Dan;Tjoa, Thomas;Sioutas, Constantinos;Fung, Kochy;George, Steven C;Kleinman, Michael T
研究表明，儿童哮喘结局与空气中颗粒物（PM）之间存在关联。粒子成分的重要性还有待确定。我们跟踪了一组居住在南加州的45名患有持续性哮喘的学童。对受试者进行为期10天的离线分数呼出一氧化氮（FeNO）监测，FeNO是气道炎症的生物标志物。个人主动采样暴露包括空气动力学直径< 2.5 μm的连续颗粒物（PM2.5）、24小时PM2.5元素碳和有机碳（EC、OC）以及24小时二氧化氮。环境暴露包括PM2.5、PM2.5 EC和OC以及NO2。数据分析采用混合模型控制个人温度、湿度和10天周期。FeNO与2天平均污染物浓度呈正相关。每四分位数范围内污染物的增加是：对于24 μg/m3的个人PM2.5, 1.1 ppb FeNO[95%置信区间（CI）， 0.1-1.9]；0.6 μg/m3个人EC， 0.7 ppb FeNO (95% CI, 0.3-1.1)；对于17 ppb个人NO2, 1.6 ppb FeNO （95% CI, 0.4-2.8）。与环境EC的关联较大，与环境NO2的关联较小。环境PM2.5、个人和环境OC仅在单独吸入皮质类固醇（ICS）的受试者中具有显著性。同时服用ICS和抗白三烯类药物的受试者没有明显的相关性。分布滞后模型显示，前5小时个人PM2.5与FeNO相关。在双污染物模型中，个人与环境的EC和NO2以及个人与环境的PM2.5之间的关联最为明显。使用环境颗粒质量可能会忽略PM与哮喘患者气道炎症的关联，环境颗粒质量可能无法充分代表化石燃料燃烧产生的因果污染物成分。
Research has shown associations between pediatric asthma outcomes and airborne particulate matter (PM). The importance of particle components remains to be determined. We followed a panel of 45 schoolchildren with persistent asthma living in Southern California. Subjects were monitored over 10 days with offline fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a biomarker of airway inflammation. Personal active sampler exposures included continuous particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), 24-hr PM2.5 elemental and organic carbon (EC, OC), and 24-hr nitrogen dioxide. Ambient exposures included PM2.5, PM2.5 EC and OC, and NO2. Data were analyzed with mixed models controlling for personal temperature, humidity and 10-day period. The strongest positive associations were between FeNO and 2-day average pollutant concentrations. Per interquartile range pollutant increase, these were: for 24 μg/m3 personal PM2.5, 1.1 ppb FeNO [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1–1.9]; for 0.6 μg/m3 personal EC, 0.7 ppb FeNO (95% CI, 0.3–1.1); for 17 ppb personal NO2, 1.6 ppb FeNO (95% CI, 0.4–2.8). Larger associations were found for ambient EC and smaller associations for ambient NO2. Ambient PM2.5 and personal and ambient OC were significant only in subjects taking inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone. Subjects taking both ICS and antileukotrienes showed no significant associations. Distributed lag models showed personal PM2.5 in the preceding 5 hr was associated with FeNO. In two-pollutant models, the most robust associations were for personal and ambient EC and NO2, and for personal but not ambient PM2.5. PM associations with airway inflammation in asthmatics may be missed using ambient particle mass, which may not sufficiently represent causal pollutant components from fossil fuel combustion.