Comparison of middle- and low-latitude sodium layer from a ground-based lidar network, the Odin satellite, and WACCM–Na model
Comparison of middle- and low-latitude sodium layer from a ground-based lidar network, the Odin satellite, and WACCM–Na model
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-22-11485-2022
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Bingkun Yu;X. Xue;C. Scott;Mingjiao Jia;W. Feng;J. Plane;D. Marsh;J. Hedin;J. Gumbel;X. D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bingkun Yu;X. Xue;C. Scott;Mingjiao Jia;W. Feng;J. Plane;D. Marsh;J. Hedin;J. Gumbel;X. D
抽象的。利用激光雷达网获得的地面测量数据和Odin卫星6年OSIRIS（光学摄谱仪和红外成像仪系统）边缘扫描辐射测量数据，研究中低纬度钠层的气候学。截至二零二一年一月，位于北京（北纬40. 5度，东经116. 0度）、合肥（北纬31. 8度，东经117. 3度）、武汉（北纬30. 5度，东经114. 4度）及海口（北纬19. 5度，东经109. 1度）的四台钠共振荧光激光雷达共收集了2136个夜晚（19 587小时）的钠密度垂直剖面。这些大型数据集提供了多年的常规测量的Na层具有极高的时间和垂直分辨率。激光雷达测量对于填补OSIRIS数据空白特别有用，因为OSIRIS测量不是在黑暗的冬季进行的，因为它们利用了来自Na原子的太阳泵浦共振荧光。将地面激光雷达和卫星观测的Na层与大气中的大气Na层全球模式（WACCM-Na）进行了比较。激光雷达提供了OSIRIS和WACCM（全大气社区气候模型）的独特测试，因为它们覆盖了沿着120 ° E经度的纬度范围，处于一个不寻常的地理位置，产生了大量的重力波。在一般情况下，良好的协议之间的激光雷达观测，卫星测量，WACCM模拟。另一方面，钠数密度从OSIRIS大于钠激光雷达在OSIRIS月平均值的一个标准偏差内的四个站，特别是在秋季和初冬所产生的显着的不确定性，从少得多的卫星辐射测量的钠密度检索。WACCM低估了低纬度激光雷达站（武汉和海口）观测到的Na层的季节变化。这种差异表明，在WACCM模拟的垂直分量传输的季节性变化被低估，因为大部分的重力波谱没有捕获的模型。
Abstract. The ground-based measurements obtained from a lidar network and the 6-year OSIRIS (optical spectrograph and infrared imager system) limb-scanning radiance measurements made by the Odin satellite are used to study the climatology of the middle- and low-latitude sodium (Na) layer. Up to January 2021, four Na resonance fluorescence lidars at Beijing (40.5∘ N, 116.0∘ E), Hefei (31.8∘ N, 117.3∘ E), Wuhan (30.5∘ N, 114.4∘ E), and Haikou (19.5∘ N, 109.1∘ E) collected vertical profiles of Na density for a total of 2136 nights (19 587 h). These large datasets provide multi-year routine measurements of the Na layer with exceptionally high temporal and vertical resolution. The lidar measurements are particularly useful for filling in OSIRIS data gaps since the OSIRIS measurements were not made during the dark winter months because they utilize the solar-pumped resonance fluorescence from Na atoms. The observations of Na layers from the ground-based lidars and the satellite are comprehensively compared with a global model of meteoric Na in the atmosphere (WACCM–Na). The lidars present a unique test of OSIRIS and WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model), because they cover the latitude range along 120∘ E longitude in an unusual geographic location with significant gravity wave generation. In general, good agreement is found between lidar observations, satellite measurements, and WACCM simulations. On the other hand, the Na number density from OSIRIS is larger than that from the Na lidars at the four stations within one standard deviation of the OSIRIS monthly average, particularly in autumn and early winter arising from significant uncertainties in Na density retrieved from much less satellite radiance measurements. WACCM underestimates the seasonal variability of the Na layer observed at the lower latitude lidar stations (Wuhan and Haikou). This discrepancy suggests the seasonal variability of vertical constituent transport modelled in WACCM is underestimated because much of the gravity wave spectrum is not captured in the model.