Nonequilibrium probability flux of a thermally driven micromachine
Nonequilibrium probability flux of a thermally driven micromachine
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热驱动微机械的非平衡概率通量
DOI：
10.1103/physreve.100.022607
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Komura Shigeyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sou Isamu;Hosaka Yuto;Yasuda Kento;Komura Shigeyuki
我们讨论了由三个球体和两个简谐弹簧组成的热驱动微机械的非平衡统计力学[Y.Hosakaet等人，J.Phys.SoC。日本。86,113801(2017年)JUPSAU0031-901510.7566/JPSJ.86.113801]。我们得到了这种微型机的非平衡稳态概率分布函数，并在相应的位形空间中计算了其概率流。由此得到的概率流可以用频率矩阵来表示，该频率矩阵用于区分非平衡稳态和满足详细平衡的热平衡状态。频率矩阵与球体之间的温差成正比。我们得到了频率矩阵的特征值与热驱动微机械在粘性流体中进行定向运动的平均速度之间的线性关系。这一关系与确定性三球微泳者的扇贝定理是一致的。
We discuss the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of a thermally driven micromachine consisting of three spheres and two harmonic springs [Y. Hosakaet al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 86, 113801 (2017)JUPSAU0031-901510.7566/JPSJ.86.113801]. We obtain the nonequilibrium steady state probability distribution function of such a micromachine and calculate its probability flux in the corresponding configuration space. The resulting probability flux can be expressed in terms of a frequency matrix that is used to distinguish between a nonequilibrium steady state and a thermal equilibrium state satisfying detailed balance. The frequency matrix is shown to be proportional to the temperature difference between the spheres. We obtain a linear relation between the eigenvalue of the frequency matrix and the average velocity of a thermally driven micromachine that can undergo a directed motion in a viscous fluid. This relation is consistent with the scallop theorem for a deterministic three-sphere microswimmer.