Business Networks, Production Chains, and Productivity∗
Business Networks, Production Chains, and Productivity∗
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商业网络、生产链和生产力*
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
E. Oberfield
中科院分区：
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作者：
E. Oberfield
本文研究了一个可解析处理的生产链形成和演化模型。随着时间的推移，企业家积累技术，利用其他企业家生产的产品和劳动力作为投入来生产他们的产品。一项技术的价值既取决于该技术所体现的生产率，也取决于特定投入的成本；在生产时，每个企业家都会选择一种能提供最佳组合的技术。已知生产技术的集合形成了潜在生产链的动态网络：经济的投入产出结构。该模型提供了丰富的微观结构，反映了企业发现新技术和更换供应商以应对投入价格变化时企业层面的冲击和相互作用。企业边际成本的变化取决于其众多潜在供应链上的冲击，当其他企业家找到将企业产出用作中间投入的方法时，企业就会扩张。企业间的分散在连接形成的速度上，会对总产出产生重大影响，因为这决定了新发现技术的成本节约如何在网络中扩散。
This paper studies an analytically tractable model of the formation and evolution of chains of production. Over time, entrepreneurs accumulate techniques to produce their good using goods produced by other entrepreneurs and labor as inputs. The value of a technique depends on both the productivity embodied in the technique and the cost of the particular input; when producing, each entrepreneur selects the technique that delivers the best combination. The collection of known production techniques form a dynamic network of potential chains of production: the input-output architecture of the economy. The model delivers a rich microstructure of firm level shocks and interactions as firms discover new techniques and switch suppliers in response to changes in input prices. Changes in a firm’s marginal cost depend on shocks along its many potential supply chains, and a firm expands as other entrepreneurs find ways to use the firm’s output as an intermediate input. Dispersion across firms in the rate which links are formed can have large consequences for aggregate output, as this determines how cost savings from newly discovered techniques diffuse through the network.