Variations in New York city's urban heat island strength over time and space
Variations in New York city's urban heat island strength over time and space
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DOI：
10.1007/s00704-007-0368-3
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hillel, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaffin, S. R.;Rosenzweig, C.;Hillel, D.
我们分析了纽约市城市热岛 (UHI) 效应的历史（1900 年至今）和近期（2002 年）数据，以描述城市内随时间和空间的变化。历史年度数据显示，自 1900 年以来，城市热岛变暖约占该市经历的总变暖量的 1/3。这种强度与本世纪以来风速的显着下降有关，这可能是由于随着曼哈顿广泛的天际线开发而导致的城市边界层的增加。目前，我们使用 2002 年的数据，计算了五个不同案例研究区域（包括曼哈顿、布朗克斯、皇后区和布鲁克林）的城市城市热岛每小时和季节性强度。我们发现每小时城市热岛强度存在显着的城市内差异（类似于 2 摄氏度），一些地点显示出白天的冷岛 - 即温度低于遥远的非城市站点的平均温度，而其他地点则同时显示出白天的热岛。这些变化很难用地表特征（例如建筑存量、人口、植被比例或遥感辐射表面温度）来解释。尽管有人认为城市公园内的车站会低估城市热岛指数，但中央公园车站并没有表现出明显的低估，除了夏季夜间的轻微低估。居住区的城市内热岛变化与夏季电力需求和对温度升高的敏感性广泛相关。这种关系对于能源需求管理政策具有实际价值，因为它将有助于优先考虑缓解城市热岛效应的领域。
We analyse historical (1900 - present) and recent (year 2002) data on New York city's urban heat island (UHI) effect, to characterize changes over time and spatially within the city. The historical annual data show that UHI intensification is responsible for similar to 1/3 of the total warming the city has experienced since 1900. The intensification correlates with a significant drop in windspeed over the century, likely due to an increase in the urban boundary layer as Manhattan's extensive skyline development unfolded. For the current-day, using 2002 data, we calculate the hourly and seasonal strength of the city's UHI for five different case study areas, including sites in Manhattan, Bronx, Queens and Brooklyn. We find substantial intra-city variation (similar to 2 degrees C) in the strength of the hourly UHI, with some locations showing daytime cool islands - i.e., temperatures lower than the average of the distant non-urban stations, while others, at the same time, show daytime heat islands. The variations are not easily explained in terms of land surface characteristics such as building stock, population, vegetation fraction or radiometric surface temperatures from remote sensing. Although it has been suggested that stations within urban parks will underestimate UHI, the Central Park station does not show a significant underestimate, except marginally during summer nights. The intra-city heat island variations in the residential areas broadly correlate with summertime electricity demand and sensitivity to temperature increases. This relationship will have practical value for energy demand management policy, as it will help prioritize areas for UHI mitigation.