Reduced costs of reproduction in females mediate a shift from a male-biased to a female-biased lifespan in humans.
Reduced costs of reproduction in females mediate a shift from a male-biased to a female-biased lifespan in humans.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep24672
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发表时间：
2016-04-18
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Maklakov AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bolund E;Lummaa V;Smith KR;Hanson HA;Maklakov AA
造成寿命性别差异的原因存在激烈争论。虽然人类中女性的寿命通常比男性长，但在人口转变为低死亡率和生育率之前的社会中，这种情况通常不太明显。生活史理论表明，当女性比男性支付更高的繁殖成本时，减少繁殖应该有利于女性的寿命。利用犹他州人口数据库中 140,600 个有生育能力的个体的独特纵向人口统计记录，我们证明了人口转变之前出生的个体与人口转变期间出生的个体的成年寿命从男性偏向女性偏向的转变。在高胎次下，只有女性付出了生育成本，即生育后寿命缩短。因此，随着生育率随着时间的推移而下降，女性寿命增加，而男性寿命基本保持稳定，这支持了以下理论：两种性别的生殖成本差异导致人类寿命中性别差异模式的变化。此外，我们的结果对人口预测具有重要意义，并增进我们对寿命进化的理解。
The causes underlying sex differences in lifespan are strongly debated. While females commonly outlive males in humans, this is generally less pronounced in societies before the demographic transition to low mortality and fertility rates. Life-history theory suggests that reduced reproduction should benefit female lifespan when females pay higher costs of reproduction than males. Using unique longitudinal demographic records on 140,600 reproducing individuals from the Utah Population Database, we demonstrate a shift from male-biased to female-biased adult lifespans in individuals born before versus during the demographic transition. Only women paid a cost of reproduction in terms of shortened post-reproductive lifespan at high parities. Therefore, as fertility decreased over time, female lifespan increased, while male lifespan remained largely stable, supporting the theory that differential costs of reproduction in the two sexes result in the shifting patterns of sex differences in lifespan across human populations. Further, our results have important implications for demographic forecasts in human populations and advance our understanding of lifespan evolution.