Restoring Soil Fertility on Degraded Lands to Meet Food, Fuel, and Climate Security Needs via Perennialization
Restoring Soil Fertility on Degraded Lands to Meet Food, Fuel, and Climate Security Needs via Perennialization
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fsufs.2021.706142
复制
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Samantha L. Mosier;S. C. Córdova;G. Robertson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samantha L. Mosier;S. C. Córdova;G. Robertson
为了满足全球需求和实现零饥饿，不断增加粮食、纤维和燃料产量的压力给土壤资源带来了严重压力。由于不适当的集约化管理、对土壤保持不够重视和气候变化，许多土地被遗弃、退化和边缘化，农业受到严重限制，许多土地仍用于农业生产。持续用于农业生产往往需要更多的外部投入，如化肥和除草剂，这进一步加剧了土壤退化，阻碍了养分的循环和保留。越来越多的证据表明，退化的土地有很大的恢复潜力，也许最有效的办法是采用能够同时提供额外生态系统服务的多年生作物制度。在这里，我们综合的优势和潜力，利用多年生植被恢复退化农田土壤肥力，通过总结土壤碳稳定和氮，磷的有效性和保留的主要机制。我们举例说明恢复潜力的系统，提供气候缓解（纤维素生物能源），动物生产（密集的轮牧），和生物多样性保护（自然生态演替）。多年生化对恢复退化农田的肥力大有希望，有助于满足未来的粮食安全需求。
A continuously growing pressure to increase food, fiber, and fuel production to meet worldwide demand and achieve zero hunger has put severe pressure on soil resources. Abandoned, degraded, and marginal lands with significant agricultural constraints—many still used for agricultural production—result from inappropriately intensive management, insufficient attention to soil conservation, and climate change. Continued use for agricultural production will often require ever more external inputs such as fertilizers and herbicides, further exacerbating soil degradation and impeding nutrient recycling and retention. Growing evidence suggests that degraded lands have a large potential for restoration, perhaps most effectively via perennial cropping systems that can simultaneously provide additional ecosystem services. Here we synthesize the advantages of and potentials for using perennial vegetation to restore soil fertility on degraded croplands, by summarizing the principal mechanisms underpinning soil carbon stabilization and nitrogen and phosphorus availability and retention. We illustrate restoration potentials with example systems that deliver climate mitigation (cellulosic bioenergy), animal production (intensive rotational grazing), and biodiversity conservation (natural ecological succession). Perennialization has substantial promise for restoring fertility to degraded croplands, helping to meet future food security needs.