Gendai Osaka keizaishi: Daitoshi sangyo shyseki no kiseki (Economic History of Contemporary Osaka: The Trajectory of Industrial Clusters in Metropolitan Area)
Gendai Osaka keizaishi: Daitoshi sangyo shyseki no kiseki (Economic History of Contemporary Osaka: The Trajectory of Industrial Clusters in Metropolitan Area)
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Gendai Osaka keizaishi: Daitoshi sangyo shyseki no kiseki（当代大阪经济史：首都圈产业集群的轨迹）
DOI：
10.1093/ssjj/jyab015
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
SUNAHARA Yosuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
海野大地;城下賢一;田中将太;木多悠介;落合優翼;中村凌太郎;岡﨑晴輝;SUNAHARA Yosuke
这本书是一部全面的大坂经济史，重点是第二次世界大战后时期。正如作者本人所言，这不仅是一部大坂地区的经济史，也是一部大都会努力改变产业结构的历史，重点关注个体企业的微观视角。与辉煌的东京相比，大坂建立了以纺织业为中心的轻工业集群，吸引了大量人口，但由于没有发展新的工业，大坂停滞不前。这种情况似乎是大坂政治史的另一面，正如本书作者在前一本书中所讨论的那样，大坂的政治历史一直受到政治制约（Sunahara 2012）。本书的第一部分详细介绍了大坂的企业如何应对第二次世界大战的军事需求，以及它们如何推动战后重建。在战争期间，单个企业很难做出自主的管理决策，甚至那些原本从事轻工业的企业也被迫将生产转向军火。在东京和爱知县，向军火工业的转型带动了重工业的发展，但大坂的中小企业（SMEs）众多，难以适应这种局面。大坂中小企业的产业结构在战后重建中没有发生重大变化。大坂府和大坂市政府设立的几个委员会向中小企业提供技术和资金支持，并试图在促进竞争的同时扩大生产。尽管如此，直到经济高速增长时期，大坂的产业结构才发生了充分的变化。虽然由于朝鲜战争，需求有所增加，但日本对武器生产的需求有限。朝鲜战争结束后，支撑大坂战前繁荣的纺织业因出口减少和过度竞争而濒临危机。然而，只有少数公司能够以一般贸易公司的形式转变为投资驱动型企业。Sakai-Senboku海滨工业区的形成是改变以轻工业为中心的工业结构的一种尝试。在大坂府的倡议下，在大坂市以外的地方，在坂井海滨地区建立了一个工业区。虽然在该地区形成了石油化学和钢铁工业，但这些重工业与大坂最初存在的中小企业之间的协同作用非常有限。在经济高速增长时期，大坂发展了与精密仪器行业相关的中小企业的产业积累。据了解，灵活的
This book is a comprehensive history of the Osaka economy, with a focus on the post-World War II period. As the author himself argues, it is not only an economic history of the Osaka area but also a history of a metropolis that struggled to change its industrial structure, with an emphasis on the micro perspective of individual companies. In contrast to the shining counterpart of Tokyo, Osaka, which had built up a cluster of light industry centred on textiles and attracted a large population, stagnated without developing new industries. It seems that this situation is the other side of the coin of Osaka’s political history which, as this reviewer has discussed in an earlier work, has been hampered by political constraints (Sunahara 2012).The first part of the book details how companies in Osaka responded to the military demand in World War II and how they promoted postwar reconstruction. During the war, it was difficult for individual firms to make autonomous management decisions, and even those companies originally engaged in light industry were forced to shift their production to munitions. In Tokyo and Aichi, the conversion to munitions industry led to the development of heavy industry, but Osaka, with its many small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), had difficulty adapting to this situation. The industrial structure of SMEs in Osaka had not changed significantly during postwar reconstruction. Several committees established by the Osaka prefectural and city governments provided technical and financial support to SMEs and tried to expand production while promoting competition. Nevertheless, Osaka’s industrial structure did not change sufficiently until the period of high economic growth. Although there was an increase in demand due to the Korean War, the demand for weapons production in Japan was limited. After the Korean War, the textile industry, which had supported Osaka’s prewar prosperity, was on the verge of a crisis due to a decline in exports and excessive competition. However, only a few companies could transform themselves into investmentdriven enterprises in the form of general trading companies. The formation of the Sakai-Senboku waterfront industrial zone was an attempt to change the industrial structure, which had been centred on the light industry. Away from Osaka City, which had been the centre of development up to that point, an industrial zone was established in the Sakai seaside area at the initiative of Osaka Prefecture. Although the petrochemical and steel industries were formed in the area, the synergy between such heavy industries and the SMEs that initially existed in Osaka was quite limited. During the period of high economic growth, an industrial accumulation of SMEs linked to the precision instrument industry developed in Osaka. It is understood that a flexible