Pathogenesis-related proteins and peptides as promising tools for engineering plants with multiple stress tolerance
Pathogenesis-related proteins and peptides as promising tools for engineering plants with multiple stress tolerance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.micres.2018.04.008
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Grover, Anita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ali, Sajad;Ganai, Bashir Ahmad;Grover, Anita
病原相关蛋白（Pathogenesis-related proteins，PR）和抗菌肽（antimicrobial peptides，AMP）是一类由植物病原体诱导产生的分子，也是一类与植物防御相关的信号分子。它们是植物天然免疫系统特别是系统获得性抗性（systemic acquired resistance，SAR）的重要组成部分，被广泛用作防御信号通路的分子诊断标记。尽管PR蛋白和肽在很久以前就被分离出来，但尽管有了新的科学工具，它们的生物学功能在很大程度上仍然是个谜。早期的研究表明，PR基因对生物和非生物胁迫都具有增强的抗性，这使得它们成为开发多重耐逆作物品种的最有希望的候选者之一。植物基因工程技术是利用不同的抗菌基因（如PR基因）培育抗病转基因作物的最具吸引力的途径之一。PR基因（几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶、奇异果甜蛋白、防御素和硫素）的单独或组合过表达极大地提高了植物对多种病原体的防御反应水平。然而，详细了解调节这些多功能蛋白质表达的信号通路对于改善作物植物对多种胁迫的适应性至关重要，这是植物胁迫生物学的未来主题。因此，本文综述了PR蛋白的分类、在多种逆境（生物和非生物）中的作用以及在各种植物防御信号级联中的作用。我们还强调了成功和障碍的转基因植物表达PR蛋白和肽。
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of diverse molecules that are induced by phytopathogens as well as defense related signaling molecules. They are the key components of plant innate immune system especially systemic acquired resistance (SAR), and are widely used as diagnostic molecular markers of defense signaling pathways. Although, PR proteins and peptides have been isolated much before but their biological function remains largely enigmatic despite the availability of new scientific tools. The earlier studies have demonstrated that PR genes provide enhanced resistance against both biotic and abiotic stresses, which make them one of the most promising candidates for developing multiple stress tolerant crop varieties. In this regard, plant genetic engineering technology is widely accepted as one of the most fascinating approach to develop the disease resistant transgenic crops using different antimicrobial genes like PR genes. Overexpression of PR genes (chitinase, glucanase, thaumatin, defensin and thionin) individually or in combination have greatly uplifted the level of defense response in plants against a wide range of pathogens. However, the detailed knowledge of signaling pathways that regulates the expression of these versatile proteins is critical for improving crop plants to multiple stresses, which is the future theme of plant stress biology. Hence, this review provides an overall overview on the PR proteins like their classification, role in multiple stresses (biotic and abiotic) as well as in various plant defense signaling cascades. We also highlight the success and snags of transgenic plants expressing PR proteins and peptides.