Features of Superlong-Distance and Round-the-World Propagation of HF Waves

Features of Superlong-Distance and Round-the-World Propagation of HF Waves
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高频波超长距离环球传播的特点

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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
E. G. Chaika
E. G. Chaika
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作者：
A. A. Ponyatov;G. Vertogradov;V. P. Uryadov;E. G. Vertogradova;V. Shumaev;A. Chernov;E. G. Chaika

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本文介绍了2012-2014年利用斜向电离层探测新方法获得的不同方向和长度无线电线路中高频超长距离和环球传播特征的实验研究结果。确定了直接环球信号的频时行程间隔、幅频特性和角频特性。通过发射器和接收器的两条最优路径在接近区域内的横向电子密度梯度使每条路径与终端形成最小的角度，从而使无线电波通过其折射而产生环球信号的传播和变换机理。结果表明，在没有直接环球信号方位角变化的情况下，所提出的机制与实验观察到的塞浦路斯-顿河畔罗斯托夫路径和爱丽丝泉（澳大利亚）-顿河畔罗斯托夫路径上的直接环球信号方位角变化非常吻合。对于HF波在美国Virginia -Yoshkar-Ola和Puerto Rico-Yoshkar-Ola（距离约8000 ~ 10000 km）路径上的超长距离传播，当整个路径在靠近终端边界的电离层内与终端成10°~ 25°的小角时，达到最佳传播条件。
We present the results of the experimental studies of the features of superlong-distance and round-the-world propagation of the HF waves in the radio lines with different orientation and length, which were obtained in 2012–2014 using a new method of oblique ionospheric sounding. The frequency–time travel intervals of the direct round-the-world signals, their amplitude-frequency and angular-frequency characteristics are determined. The mechanism of propagation and transformation of the round-the-world signals due to the radio-wave refraction by the transverse electron-density gradients in the region of approach of two optimal paths passing via the transmitter and receiver so that each path forms the smallest angle with the terminator. It is shown that the proposed mechanism is in good agreement with the experimentally observed variation of the azimuth of the direct round-the-world signal on the Cyprus–Rostov-on-Don path and on the Alice Springs (Australia)–Rostov-on-Don path in the absence of variation of the direct round-the-world signal azimuth. For the superlong-distance propagation of the HF waves on the Virginia (USA)–Yoshkar-Ola and Puerto Rico–Yoshkar-Ola (the distances about 8000–10000 km) paths, the best propagation conditions are observed when the entire path is in the illuminated ionosphere near the terminator boundary making a small angle of 10°–25° with the terminator.