Kinetics of Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols in Mixed Solvent Modeled by Multiscale DFT/MD

Kinetics of Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols in Mixed Solvent Modeled by Multiscale DFT/MD
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通过多尺度 DFT/MD 建模的混合溶剂中酸催化醇脱水动力学

DOI:
10.1021/acscatal.2c03978
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
12.9
通讯作者:
Janik, Michael J.
Janik, Michael J.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tran, Bolton;Milner, Scott T.;Janik, Michael J.

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酸催化乙醇脱水是生物质改性的关键步骤,混合溶剂对反应动力学有重要影响。计算建模可以提供对催化中溶剂化效应的基本理解,并最终成为优化反应性和选择性的预测工具。我们引入了一个多尺度方法,结合密度泛函理论(DFT)和经典分子动力学(MD)研究混合溶剂(水与DMSO/GVL/MeCN)的叔丁醇和果糖的酸催化脱水动力学的影响。我们确定了过量质子的化学稳定形式(即,催化剂)在混合溶剂中。在水/GVL和水/MeCN混合物中,过量的质子存在于水簇(H5 O2+)上。在水/DMSO中,它在本体水/DMSO混合物中形成DMSO-H3 O+簇,但当接近醇反应物时显示为H5 O2+。我们用密度泛函理论模拟了正丁醇和果糖的E1脱水反应机理,然后用分子动力学溶剂化各个反应中间体和过渡态。在不同的溶剂组合物的基本步骤的反应自由能分布绘制出来。我们的预测与Mellmeret等人的结果相比。Nature Catalysis 2018,1,199-207和Nature Communications 2019,10,1-10,对于AIMD测量的反应自由能曲线和实验速率常数。通过解耦的气相和溶剂化自由能,我们的计算提供了一个清晰的解释的溶剂化效应的绝对自由能规模,并进一步deconvolutes这些影响到直观的短程电子和较长距离的静电相互作用。此外,我们的方法揭示了反应中间体和过渡态周围的溶剂结构。我们可扩展的DFT/MD方法提供了一个潜在的强大的工具来预测凝聚相反应动力学以及详细的结构和能量的理解在催化溶剂化效应。
Acid-catalyzed alcohol dehydration is a key reaction step in biomass upgrading, kinetics of which are significantly affected by mixed aqueous solvents. Computational modeling can provide fundamental understanding of solvation effects in catalysis, and ultimately a predictive tool for optimizing reactivity and selectivity. We introduce a multiscale method that combines density functional theory (DFT) with classical molecular dynamics (MD) to investigate the effect of mixed solvents (water with DMSO/GVL/MeCN) on the kinetics of acid-catalyzed dehydration oft-butanol and fructose. We determine the thermodynamically stable form of the excess proton (i.e., the catalyst) in mixed solvents. In water/GVL and water/MeCN mixtures, the excess proton resides on a water cluster (H5O2+). In water/DMSO, it forms a DMSO-H3O+cluster in a bulk water/DMSO mixture, but appears as H5O2+when close to an alcohol reactant. We model the E1 dehydration mechanism ont-butanol and fructose with DFT, and subsequently solvate each reaction intermediate and transition state with MD. Reaction free energy profiles for the elementary steps are mapped out at different solvent compositions. Our predictions compare well to results of Mellmeret al.Nature Catalysis2018, 1, 199–207 and Nature Communications2019, 10, 1–10, for both AIMD-measured reaction free energy profiles and experimental rate constants. By decoupling the gas-phase and solvation free energies, our calculation provides a clear interpretation of the solvation effects on an absolute free energy scale, and furthermore deconvolutes these effects into intuitive short-range electronic and longer range electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, our approach reveals solvent structuring around the reaction intermediates and the transition state. Our scalable DFT/MD approach provides a potentially powerful tool to predict reaction kinetics in condensed phases as well as detailed structural and energetic understanding of solvation effects in catalysis.
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