A Friend in Need May Not be a Friend Indeed: Role of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
A Friend in Need May Not be a Friend Indeed: Role of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
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DOI：
10.2174/18715273113126660170
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Basu, Anirban
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaushik, Deepak Kumar;Basu, Anirban
炎症在神经退行性疾病的进展中起关键作用。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻巨噬细胞，其积极参与CNS的神经元发育，并且参与在损伤该组织时从系统清除病原体以及细胞碎片。在神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病（HD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）以及CNS的炎性病症如多发性硬化（MS）中小胶质细胞的慢性活化导致脑实质中促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的总体上调。这损害了神经元的健康，其通过在病变部位释放死亡相关分子如神经黑色素、A肽和细胞碎片来进一步激活小胶质细胞，从而形成疾病进展的恶性循环。靶向小胶质细胞活化已被证明是治疗炎症相关神经退行性疾病的可行选择。本文将讨论炎症的中心地位和治疗策略，旨在减轻疾病的进展，在一些重要的炎症条件的中枢神经系统。
Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) which actively take part in the neuronal development of CNS and are involved in clearance of pathogens as well as cellular debris from the system upon insult to this organization. Chronic activation of microglia in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as inflammatory conditions of CNS such as multiple sclerosis (MS) results in overall upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the brain parenchyma. This compromises the neuronal health which further activates microglia by releasing death associated molecules such as neuromelanin, A peptides and cellular debris at the lesion site thereby forming a vicious cycle of disease advancement. Targeting microglial activation has proven to be a viable option in the treatment of inflammation related neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the central position of inflammation and therapeutic strategies aiming to alleviate disease progression in some of the important inflammatory conditions of CNS.