Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes
Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Scoble, Josephine Margaret
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cavalier-Smith, Thomas;Scoble, Josephine Margaret
环境rDNA测序揭示了许多形态未知的异源分支。我们描述了一种新的海洋异养异体鞭毛虫，inisomonas marina，最不寻常的缺乏前纤毛。它滑翔和游泳时，纤毛拖在后面，但主要是静止在基质上，有或没有纤毛。18S rDNA序列系统发育类群：切单胞菌强烈属于MAST-3分支；与其他的一起，它形成了螺线虫的一个强健的姐妹分支，在这里与它一起归为新目Uniciliatida，被置于包含MAST-3的纳米单胞目新纲中。我们的综合最大似然异源系统发育表明，纳米单胞虫属与MAST-12 + Opalinata属于蛋动物科，并且放线菌属不是蛋动物科（以前由距离树提出），而是高度修饰的raphidomonads，可能与Heliorapha（原Ciliophrys） azurina gen., comb.有亲缘关系。n.我们讨论了放线菌从光合raphiophytes进化而来。分支MAST-4,6-11形成一个早期分枝的大枝分支。弱群弱群与下颚鱼属，而不是Raphidomonadea。系统发育分析表明，MAST-13全是Bicosoeca。一些与刺单胞菌相似的滑翔单胞菌似乎被错误地分类了，因此我们建立了刺单胞菌梳。(n)对于硬蛋（Rigidomastix devoratum），修改硬蛋属（Rigidomastix），将小蛾（cltriavia parva）转移到Kiitoksia。我们创造了17个新家族（13个异源体（3个藻类），2个尾虫，2个变形虫）。(C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH版权所有。
Environmental rDNA sequencing has revealed many novel heterokont clades of unknown morphology. We describe a new marine heterotrophic heterokont flagellate, Incisomonas marina, which most unusually lacks an anterior cilium. It glides and swims with its cilium trailing behind, but is predominantly sedentary on the substratum, with or without a cilium. 18S rDNA sequence phylogeny groups Incisomonas strongly within clade MAST-3; with others it forms a robust sister clade to Solenicola, here grouped with it as new order Uniciliatida, placed within new class Nanomonadea encompassing MAST-3. Our comprehensive maximum likelihood heterokont phylogeny shows Nanomonadea as sister to MAST-12 plus Opalinata within Opalozoa, and that Actinophryida are not Opalozoa (previously suggested by distance trees), but highly modified raphidomonads, arguably related to Heliorapha (formerly Ciliophrys) azurina gen., comb. n. We discuss evolution of Actinophryida from photosynthetic raphidophytes. Clades MAST-4,6-11 form one early-branching bigyran clade. Olisthodiscus weakly groups with Hypogyristea not Raphidomonadea. Phylogenetic analysis shows that MAST-13 is all Bicosoeca. Some gliding uniciliates similar to Incisomonas marina seem to have been misclassified: therefore we establish Incisomonas devorata comb. n. for Rigidomastix devoratum, revise the genus Rigidomastix, transfer Clautriavia parva to Kiitoksia. We make 17 new familes (13 heterokont (three algal), two cercozoan, two amoebozoan). (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.