THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AUTHORS TO MULTIAUTHORED BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH PAPERS
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AUTHORS TO MULTIAUTHORED BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH PAPERS
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.271.6.438
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发表时间：
1994-02-09
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
SHAPIRO, MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SHAPIRO, DW;WENGER, NS;SHAPIRO, MF
客观。-确定每个作者对多作者生物医学研究论文的贡献。邮寄的，自我管理的调查。共有184名第一作者来自连续样本的200篇论文，其中4名或以上作者发表在10种领先的生物医学期刊上。主要成果指标。-第一作者的评级，其中作者作出了实质性贡献，以：研究的初步构想，研究的设计，提供所需的资源，收集数据，分析和解释数据，并写论文的初稿或修改草案的重要知识内容。非第一作者的贡献在论文内部和论文之间差异很大。即使是第二作者和最后一位作者，尽管他们的贡献通常比其他非第一作者多，但他们的贡献在程度和模式上也明显不一致。作者们花在研究上的时间相差几个数量级。相当数量的作者很少或根本没有对研究做出实质性贡献。在多作者论文中报告的非第一作者对生物医学研究的贡献的性质和程度不能通过作者身份或作者顺序可靠地辨别（或打折）。科学著作权的两个核心目的授予荣誉和表示对研究的责任这些著作权的实践并没有充分满足。
Objective.-To determine the contributions of each author to multiauthored biomedical research papers.Design.-Mailed, self-administered survey.Participants.-A total of 184 first authors from a consecutive sample of 200 papers with four or more authors published in 10 leading biomedical journals.Main Outcome Measures.-First authors' ratings of which authors had made substantial contributions to the following: initial conception of the study, design of the study, provision of needed resources, collection of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing the first draft of the paper or revising drafts for important intellectual content.Results.-The contributions of nonfirst authors varied greatly within and among papers. Even second and last authors-though they generally contributed more than other nonfirst authors-were markedly inconsistent in the extent and pattern of their contributions. Time spent on the research differed among authors by orders of magnitude. An appreciable number of authors made few or no substantial contributions to the research.Conclusions.-The nature and extent of contributions of nonfirst authors to biomedical research reported in multiauthored papers cannot reliably be discerned (or discounted) by authorship or order of authors. The two core purposes of scientific authorship-to confer credit and denote responsibility for research-are not adequately being met by these authorship practices.