Optimizing perception: Attended and ignored stimuli create opposing perceptual biases
Optimizing perception: Attended and ignored stimuli create opposing perceptual biases
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-020-02030-1
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发表时间：
2020-04-24
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Chetverikov, Andrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rafiei, Mohsen;Hansmann-Roth, Sabrina;Chetverikov, Andrey
人类具有从不断变化的输入中构建稳定的视觉世界的非凡能力。越来越多的证据表明，瞬时视觉输入与先前输入相融合，以保持感知的连续性。大多数研究表明，这种影响可以追溯到在给定的时刻关注对象的特性。很少有人知道的作用，被忽视的刺激，在创造这种连续性。这是重要的，因为当选择一些输入用于处理时，必须主动忽略其他输入以有效地选择任务相关刺激。我们问是否出席的目标和积极忽略干扰刺激在奇数一出搜索任务将偏见观察员的看法不同。我们的观察者在干扰物中寻找一条奇怪的方向线，偶尔被要求报告他们在调整任务中看到的最后一个视觉搜索目标的方向。我们的研究结果表明，至少有两个相反的偏见，从过去的刺激影响当前的知觉：一个积极的偏见所造成的串行依赖拉动知觉的目标向以前的目标功能，而负偏置所引起的被忽略的分心物功能推动知觉的目标远离分心物分布。我们的研究结果表明，要被忽略的项目产生的感知偏差，与其他偏见引起的出席项目，以优化感知平行的行为。我们的研究结果是第一个证明如何积极忽视信息促进连续性的视觉感知。
Humans have remarkable abilities to construct a stable visual world from continuously changing input. There is increasing evidence that momentary visual input blends with previous input to preserve perceptual continuity. Most studies have shown that such influences can be traced to characteristics of the attended object at a given moment. Little is known about the role of ignored stimuli in creating this continuity. This is important since while some input is selected for processing, other input must be actively ignored for efficient selection of the task-relevant stimuli. We asked whether attended targets and actively ignored distractor stimuli in an odd-one-out search task would bias observers' perception differently. Our observers searched for an oddly oriented line among distractors and were occasionally asked to report the orientation of the last visual search target they saw in an adjustment task. Our results show that at least two opposite biases from past stimuli influence current perception: A positive bias caused by serial dependence pulls perception of the target toward the previous target features, while a negative bias induced by the to-be-ignored distractor features pushes perception of the target away from the distractor distribution. Our results suggest that to-be-ignored items produce a perceptual bias that acts in parallel with other biases induced by attended items to optimize perception. Our results are the first to demonstrate how actively ignored information facilitates continuity in visual perception.