Towards a framework for life cycle thinking in the assessment of nanotechnology
Towards a framework for life cycle thinking in the assessment of nanotechnology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.04.022
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Warsen, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauer, C.;Buchgeister, J.;Warsen, J.
纳米材料和结构的独特性质以及纳米尺度上的生产技术可能会对资源效率或保健方面的可持续发展作出革命性贡献。目前，既没有对生态和人类健康风险进行评估，也没有对纳米产品和服务整个生命周期的所有方面进行全面评估，都无法证实其明显的效益和潜力。到目前为止，很少有工作进行比较，例如，将材料生产和回收的努力与使用阶段超出经济考虑的利益进行比较。为了便于生命周期思维在纳米技术领域的应用，必须对功能、材料和影响进行充分的描述。由于缺乏相关数据和目前基于生命周期的研究的异质性，建议根据所研究的系统仔细调整环境前景。对于所用材料的生命周期性能，实现纳米功能、性能和回收的努力对于抵消使用阶段的明显优势具有决定性的重要性。在LCA中仍然不可能评估由于预期释放和意外释放而对环境和人类健康造成的潜在风险，但应该得到对潜在释放的全面描述的支持。所有这些观察结果都通过两个案例研究进行了讨论，一个是关于PVD涂层的，另一个是关于基于碳纳米管的FED屏幕的，以证实和说明需要一个框架来协调该领域现有的、正在进行的和未来的LCA应用。(c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
The unique properties of nanomaterials and structures and also production technologies on the nanometer scale are associated with presumably revolutionary contributions to sustainable development in terms of resource efficiency or health care. The obvious benefits and potentials are currently neither substantiated by an assessment of ecological and human health risks nor by a holistic assessment of all aspects along the life cycle of nano based products and services. Little work has been done, so far, to compare, e.g., the efforts of material production and recycling with the benefits in the use phase beyond economic considerations.In order to ease the application of life cycle thinking in the nanotechnology domain functions, materials and impacts have to be described adequately. Due to the lack of relevant data and the heterogeneity of current life cycle based studies it is recommended to carefully adjust environmental prospects to the system under study. Regarding the life cycle performance of the materials used the efforts in realizing nano functionalities, properties and recycling gain decisive importance to counterbalance obvious advantages in the use phase. The assessment of potential risks for the environment and human health due to intended and also accidental releases are still not possible in LCA, but should nevertheless be supported by a thorough description of potential releases. All these observations are discussed by means of two case studies, one on PVD coating and one on a CNT-based FED screen in order to substantiate and illustrate the need for a framework to harmonise existing, ongoing and future LCA applications in this field. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.