Extreme measures: the history of breast cancer surgery
Extreme measures: the history of breast cancer surgery
复制标题
极端措施：乳腺癌手术史
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.e834
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Moore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Moore
在世纪末的美国和欧洲，乳房手术的狂热达到了疯狂的程度。但这一趋势是由外科医生推动的，而不是女性，结果远非美观。
古埃及的外科医生描述了乳腺癌，但明智地避免了使用手术刀。第一次有记录的乳房切除术的尝试是由亚历山大的外科医生列昂尼德在大约公元二世纪进行的，但谨慎仍然是口号。到了17世纪，北方欧洲的印刷品显示，在麻醉或防腐剂出现之前，外科医生使用钳子、刀和烧灼器，对妇女进行了坚忍的乳房切除手术。
1748年，德国外科医生Lorenz Heister描述了使用叉子或绳子连接...
The rage for breast surgery attained manic proportions in the late 19th century in the United States and Europe. But the trend was driven by surgeons, not women, and the results were far from aesthetic.⇑
Surgeons in ancient Egypt described breast cancer, but wisely refrained from wielding the knife. The first recorded attempt at mastectomy is attributed to the surgeon Leonides of Alexandria in about the second century AD, but caution remained the watchword. By the 1600s prints in northern Europe show women stoically undergoing breast amputations by surgeons using forceps, knives, and cauterising irons long before the arrival of anaesthesia or antisepsis.
In 1748 the German surgeon Lorenz Heister described using a fork, or ropes attached …