Sagittal plane segmental motion of the cervical spine. A new precision measurement protocol and normal motion data of healthy adults
Sagittal plane segmental motion of the cervical spine. A new precision measurement protocol and normal motion data of healthy adults
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DOI：
10.1016/s0268-0033(01)00105-x
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Brinckmann, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frobin, W;Leivseth, G;Brinckmann, P
目标。(1)从侧位X线片上精确记录人颈椎CO/C1C6/C7节段的矢状面节段旋转和后前移运动。(2)编制描述正常运动的数据库。(3)个体运动模式与正常数据库的比较设计。基于计算机辅助测量屈曲和伸展侧位X线片的描述性研究。背景以前的研究主要集中在颈椎节段性旋转运动。平移运动的正常数据不可用。因此，对颈椎运动模式的描述仍然不完整。基于计算机辅助测量在屈曲和伸展时拍摄的侧位X线片，一种新的方案确定了在X线片上成像的所有节段(CO/C1IC6/C7)的旋转和平移运动。测量结果会根据射线照相放大倍数和身高变化进行校正：它们几乎不受射线照相失真和患者对齐误差的影响。一个描述正常运动的数据库是从137组健康成年人在主动屈曲和伸展时拍摄的侧位片编制而成的。样本研究以及观察者间和观察者内的研究将测量误差量化。误差研究表明，旋转运动测量的误差(SD)总计略低于2度。平移运动测量的误差(SD)小于椎体深度的5%：对于15 mm深度的椎体，这相当于0.7 mm。编制了正常的旋转和平移运动数据库。旋转运动和平移运动之间存在线性关系。这一发现与以前的研究结果定性一致：由于对平移运动的定义不同，量化比较是不可能的。旋转和平移之间的关系可以在个别情况下根据实际执行的旋转来预测平移运动。旋转运动与正常数据库的比较以及预测的平移运动与实际平移运动之间的差异允许对节段性低、正常或高活动度进行量化。新的方案以高精度测量节段运动，并纠正放射学失真、身高变化和对齐误差或患者。因此，利用现有的X线片进行档案研究是可行的。
Objective. (1) Precise documentation of sagittal plane segmental rotational and posteroanterior translational motion of segments CO/C1 C6/C7 of the human cervical spine from lateral radiographic views. (2) Compilation of a database describing normal motion. (3) Comparison of individual motion patterns with the normal database.Design. Descriptive study based on computer-aided measurements from lateral radiographic views taken in flexion and extension.Background Previous studies concentrated on segmental rotational motion of the cervical spine. Normal data for translational motion were not available. Description of cervical spine motion patterns thus remained incomplete.Methods. Based on computer-aided measurements from lateral radiographic views taken in flexion and extension, a new protocol determines rotational and translational motion for all segments (CO/C1 I C6/C7) imaged oil the radiographic views. Measured results are corrected for radiographic magnification and variation in stature: they are virtually uninfluenced by, radiographic distortion and patient alignment errors. A database describing normal motion was compiled from 137 sets of lateral views of healthy adults taken in active flexion and extension. A specimen Study as well as inter- and intra-observer Studies quantify Measurement errors.Results. The error study demonstrated the error (SD) of a rotational motion measurement to amount to slightly less than 2degrees. The error (SD), of a translational motion measurement amounts to less than 5% of vertebral depth: for a vertebra of 15 mm depth this corresponds to 0.7 mm. A normal database for rotational and translational motion was compiled. There was a linear relation between rotational and translational motion. This finding agrees qualitatively with results from previous studies: quantitative comparisons are not possible due to divergent definitions for translational motion. The relation between rotation and translation can be employed in individual cases to predict translational motion, in dependence on the rotation actually performed. A comparison of the rotational motion with the normal database and the difference between predicted and actual translational motion allow segmental hypo-, normal or hypermobility to be quantified.Conclusions. The new, protocol measures segmental motion with high precision and corrects for radiographic distortion, variation in stature and alignment errors or patients. Thus, archive studies using existing radiographs are feasible.