Adapting to extreme events: small drinking water system manager perspectives on the 2012–2016 California Drought
Adapting to extreme events: small drinking water system manager perspectives on the 2012–2016 California Drought
复制标题
适应极端事件：小型饮用水系统管理者对 2012-2016 年加州干旱的看法
DOI：
10.1007/s10584-021-03305-8
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
A. Ford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Klasic;A. Fencl;J. Ekstrom;A. Ford
在气候变化的情况下，预计美国西南部的干旱频率和持续时间将增加。2012年至2016年，加州经历了该地区最严重的干旱之一，气温创纪录地高，积雪、径流和降水量低。本研究记录了2012-2016年干旱期间小型饮用水系统管理人员的经验。我们通过提升小型饮用水系统管理者的观点和专业知识，为水系统抗旱能力的研究做出贡献。我们特别关注不依赖于州或联邦水项目进口的小型系统。混合方法的方法确保每个数据收集期通知下一个收集全州的观点和管理人员的经验。基于对饮用水管理者反思的分析，影响、响应和障碍的类型因系统规模和水源组合而异。阻碍小型饮用水系统抗旱能力以及同样的气候适应能力的常见缺点包括人员和行政能力;促进节水的财务负担超过了收入，而繁重的报告和资金支持计划又加剧了这种负担;消费者意识挑战;以及来自当地政治差异和物理限制的整合挑战。在干旱之前建立了技术、管理或财务能力的系统比缺乏这种能力的系统更有优势。从长远来看，我们发现小型水系统缺乏适应规划。记录2012-2016年干旱的经验可以为未来的干旱规划提供信息，并更广泛地强调适应气候的需求。
Under a changing climate, droughts are projected to increase in frequency and duration in the Southwestern USA. Between 2012 and 2016, California experienced one of the region’s worst droughts, with record high temperatures and low snowpack, runoff, and precipitation. This study documents small drinking water system managers’ experiences during the 2012–2016 Drought. We contribute to research on water system drought resilience by elevating small drinking water system manager perspectives and expertise. We are especially focused on small systems that are not reliant on imports from state or federal water projects. A mixed-method approach ensures each data collection period informs the next to gather statewide perspectives and experiences of managers. Based on an analysis of drinking water manager reflections, the types of impacts, responses, and barriers differed based on both system size and water source portfolio. Common disadvantages that hinder small drinking water systems’ drought resilience and, similarly, climate adaptation include staff and administrative capacity; the financial burden of promoting water conservation over revenue compounded by onerous reporting and funding support programs; consumer awareness challenges; and challenges to consolidation from both local political differences and physical limitations. Systems that built technical, managerial, or financial capacity prior to the Drought were at an advantage over systems that lacked this capacity. In the long term, we found a dearth of adaptation planning among small water systems. Documentation of experiences from the 2012–2016 Drought can inform future planning for droughts and more broadly highlight needs for climate adaptation.