Wind-driven and buoyancy-driven circulation in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean.

Wind-driven and buoyancy-driven circulation in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspa.2021.0172
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发表时间:
2021-12
期刊:
Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Bryden HL
Bryden HL
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bryden HL

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自2004年4月以来,对亚热带大西洋26°N处的海洋环流进行了连续观测,以量化大西洋经向翻转环流(AMOC)的强度和变率,在AMOC中,温暖的上层沃茨向北流动,而1100米以下较冷的深层沃茨向南返回。AMOC的主要组成部分是墨西哥湾流和安的列斯群岛海流中向北的西部边界流输送、向北的地面Ekman输送和向南的温跃层再循环,所有这些通常被认为是风驱动环流的一部分。1100 m深度以下向南流动的深水沃茨通常被认为代表浮力驱动的环流。我们认为,墨西哥湾流部分是风驱动的,但也部分浮力驱动,因为它返回上层沃茨涌升在全球海洋回到水团形成地区在北方大西洋。26°N环流的季节到年际变化主要是由风驱动的。2009年,北大西洋下部深水向南流动时,浮力驱动的环流发生了变化,其运输量比2009年前的值减少了30%。在2004年至2018年的14年观测期间,AMOC从18.3 Sv下降到15.9 Sv。
Continuous observations of ocean circulation at 26°N in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean have been made since April 2004 to quantify the strength and variability in the Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), in which warm, upper waters flow northward and colder deep waters below 1100 m depth return southward. The principal components of the AMOC are northward western boundary current transport in the Gulf Stream and Antilles Current, northward surface Ekman transport and southward thermocline recirculation, all of which are generally considered to be part of the wind-driven circulation. Southward flowing deep waters below 1100 m depth are usually considered to represent the buoyancy-driven circulation. We argue that the Gulf Stream is partially wind-driven but also partially buoyancy-driven as it returns upper waters upwelled in the global ocean back to water mass formation regions in the northern Atlantic. Seasonal to interannual variations in the circulation at 26°N are principally wind-driven. Variability in the buoyancy-driven circulation occurred in a sharp reduction in 2009 in the southward flow of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water when its transport decreased by 30% from pre-2009 values. Over the 14-year observational period from 2004 to 2018, the AMOC declined by 2.4 Sv from 18.3 to 15.9 Sv.
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