Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: Results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth
Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: Results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth
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DOI：
10.2307/2991641
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vaughan, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Trussell, J;Vaughan, B
背景：在美国，一半的怀孕是意外的。其中一半发生在怀孕当月避孕的妇女身上，另一半发生在夫妇停止使用避孕方法时，因为他们发现避孕方法难以使用或不方便使用。1995年全国家庭增长调查的数据被用来计算可逆避孕方法避孕失败的概率，因方法相关原因停止使用避孕药，并恢复使用避孕药。在开始使用可逆避孕方法的一年内，9%的妇女经历了避孕失败-7%的人使用避孕药，9%的人依赖男用避孕套，19%的人实行戒断。在使用可逆方法的一生中，典型的妇女将经历1.8次避孕失败。总体而言，31%的妇女在开始使用后6个月内因方法相关原因停止使用可逆避孕药，44%在12个月内停止使用;然而，68%在1个月内恢复使用方法，76%在3个月内恢复使用方法。多变量分析表明，低收入妇女和西班牙裔妇女避孕失败的风险较高。低收入的妇女也不太可能比其他妇女恢复避孕utilization.Conclusions：在典型的可逆的避孕方法的使用过程中怀孕的风险是相当高的风险，在临床试验中失败，反映不完善的使用这些方法，而不是缺乏内在的疗效。与方法相关的高中止率可能反映了对现有方法的不满。
Context: Half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Of these, half occur to women who were practicing contraception in the month they conceived, and others occur when couples stop use because they find their method difficult or inconvenient to use.Methods: Data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth were used to compute life-fable probabilities of contraceptive failure for reversible methods of contraception, discontinuation of use fora method-related reason and resumption of contraceptive use.Results: Within one year of starting to use a reversible method of contraception, 9% of women experience a contraceptive failure-7% of those using the pill, 9% of those relying on the male condom and 19% of those practicing withdrawal. During a lifetime of use of reversible methods, the typical woman will experience 1.8 contraceptive failures. Overall, 31% of women discontinue use of a reversible contraceptive for a method-related reason within six months of starting use, and 44% do so within 12 months; however, 68% resume use of a method within one month and 76% do so within three months. Multivariate analyses show that the risk of contraceptive failure is elevated among low-income women and Hispanic women. Low-income women are also less likely than other women to resume contraceptive use after discontinuation.Conclusions: The risks of pregnancy during typical use of reversible methods of contraception are considerably higher than risks of failure during clinical trials, reflecting imperfect use of these methods rather than lack of inherent efficacy. High rates of method-related discontinuation probably reflect dissatisfaction with available methods.