THE ECOLOGICAL BASIS OF HUNTER-GATHERER SUBSISTENCE IN AFRICAN RAIN-FORESTS - THE MBUTI OF EASTERN ZAIRE
THE ECOLOGICAL BASIS OF HUNTER-GATHERER SUBSISTENCE IN AFRICAN RAIN-FORESTS - THE MBUTI OF EASTERN ZAIRE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00889209
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发表时间：
1986-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
HART, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HART, TB;HART, JA
姆布提俾格米人是扎伊尔伊图里森林的狩猎采集者，他们用森林产品和劳动力换取农业食品。人们一直认为，姆布提人在被流动的耕种者渗透之前，独立地生活在赤道森林中。我们对森林食物资源(植物和动物)进行了评估，以确定它们是否足以支持狩猎和采集经济。在一年中的五个月里，基本上没有一种热量重要的森林水果和种子可用。在这个短缺的季节，蜂蜜并不丰富。野生野味一年四季都有供应，但主要捕获的动物脂肪含量较低。这使得它们不是淀粉密集型农业食品的糟糕替代品，后者现在是姆布蒂饮食的主食。一般来说，在封育的常绿林带中，农业次生林的可食用野生植物种类比原始林丰富。同样，它们在稀树草原交错带和走廊森林中更为常见。我们认为，狩猎-采集者不太可能独立生活在资源基础不稳定的森林腹地，因为他们开发的许多食物种类在稀树草原边界附近更为丰富。
The Mbuti pygmies, hunter-gatherers of the Ituri Forest of Zaire, trade forest products and labor for agricultural foods. It has been assumed that the Mbuti lived independently in the equatorial forest prior to its penetration by shifting cultivators. We assessed forest food resources (plant and animal) to determine their adequacy to support a hunting and gathering economy. For five months of the year, essentially none of the calorically important forest fruits and seeds are available. Honey is not abundant during this season of scarcity. Wild game meat is available year round, but the main animals caught have low fat content. This makes them a poor substitute for starch-dense agricultural foods, now staples in Mbuti diet. In general, in the closed evergreen forest zone, edible wild plant species are more abundant in agriculturally derived secondary forest than in primary forest. Similarly, they are more common at the savanna ecotone and in gallery forests. We suggest that it is unlikely that hunter-gatherers would have lived independently in the forest interior with its precarious resource base, when many of the food species they exploit are more abundant toward the savanna border.