The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender
The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender
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否认的力量：佛教、纯洁和性别
DOI：
10.1111/j.1540-6253.2004.00162_2.x
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Faure
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Faure
这是伯纳德·福尔（Bernard Faure）的另一项重大成就，他是东亚佛教文化批评的主要支持者，他继续抨击那些掩盖佛教徒真实思想和行为的刻板印象和不一致性。在20世纪90年代的大部分时间里，福雷出版了一系列书籍，挑战禅/禅宗佛教自我宣传小册子和文本中表达的”即时修辞”。正如他以一种非常令人信服的方式所展示的那样，这种修辞上的主张往往被各种各样的调解力量所削弱，如神灵，thaumaturges，葬礼仪式，木乃伊化仪式等，这些都是该教派几个世纪以来的做法。他的主要观点是展示关于表达理想化宗教愿景的修辞的差异和模糊性，这在今天的大部分学术研究中仍然被保留和描绘为事实，以及历史性，在某种程度上，它可以从不同的规范，准规范和非规范来源中重建。在过去的几年里，福雷将注意力转向更广泛的社会问题，特别是性别和性。《拒绝的力量》是一系列书中的第二本，包括《红线：佛教对性的态度》（普林斯顿大学出版社，1998年）和即将出版的《弹性精神：中世纪日本的佛、神和魔》。他的方法在两个方面类似于禅/禅的工作。首先，虽然福雷对传统文本非常熟悉和熟悉，这些文本代表了传统希望表达的观点，但他在强调神话、传说、民间故事或戏剧等不同来源的作用方面尤其引人注目。这在他发现一个叙事的各种版本和微妙的转折如何带来新的角度时特别有用，就像在讨论小野小町时一样，他被描绘成各种各样的形象。小町被描绘成观音的奉献者，或者是慈悲菩萨的十一头圣像的化身，或者是一个违反戒律并在地狱中受苦的人，或者是一具尸体分解成九个阶段，僧侣们认为这是为了提醒人们避免罪恶（第275页）。福雷带来了非常丰富和迷人的材料，虽然有时来源是如此远离主流佛教经典和嵌入在其他类型的中世纪日本文化表达，这本书的副标题似乎有点误导。
This is another towering achievement by Bernard Faure, the leading proponent of cultural criticism in examinations of East Asian Buddhism, who continues his assault on the stereotypes and inconsistencies that veil the true picture of how Buddhists actually thought and behaved. Faure spent much of the 1990s publishing a series of books challenging the" Rhetoric of Immediacy" expressed in Chan/Zen Buddhist self-promotional tracts and texts. This rhetorical claim was, as he showed in a very compelling way, often undercut by the wide variety of mediating forces such as deities, thaumaturges, funeral rites, mummification ceremonies and the like, which were characteristic of the sect's practices through the centuries. His main point was to demonstrate the variances and ambiguities regarding rhetoric articulating an idealized religious vision, which is still preserved and portrayed as fact in much of scholarship today, and historicity, to the extent that it can be reconstructed from diverse canonical, quasi-canonical, and extra-canonical sources.In the past few years, Faure has turned his attention to broader social issues, especially gender and sexuality. The Power of Denial is the second of a series of books, including The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality (Princeton University Press, 1998) and the forthcoming Resilient Spirits: Buddhas, Gods, and Demons in Medieval Japan. His method here resembles the work on Chan/Zen in two ways. First, while Faure has a great familiarity and facility with conventional texts representing the views the tradition wishes to express, he is particularly notable in highlighting the role of diverse sources such as myths, legends, folktales, or plays. This is especially useful when it leads him to discover how various versions and subtle twists of a narrative bring out new angles, as in the discussion of Ono no Komachi, who was portrayed in a wide range of images. Komachi was pictured as a devotee of Kannon, or the incarnation of the Eleven-headed icon of the bodhisattva of compassion, or someone who transgressed the precepts and suffers in hell, or a corpse decomposing in nine stages that monks contemplate as a reminder on the need to avoid sin (p. 275). Faure brings out tremendously rich and fascinating material, though at times the sources are so far removed from the mainstream Buddhist canon and embedded in other kinds of medieval Japanese cultural expressions that the book's subtitle seems a bit misleading.