Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Australian Diet-Comparing Dietary Recommendations with Average Intakes
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Australian Diet-Comparing Dietary Recommendations with Average Intakes
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DOI：
10.3390/nu6010289
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Noakes, Manny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hendrie, Gilly A.;Ridoutt, Brad G.;Noakes, Manny
营养指南现在考虑食物选择对环境的影响以及保持健康。在澳大利亚，没有足够的数据来量化饮食对环境的影响，这限制了我们提出基于证据的建议的能力。本文使用经济的环境扩展投入产出模型来估算不同食品部门的温室气体排放（GHGe）。这些数据根据 1995 年澳大利亚国家营养调查的食物摄入量估计值进行了补充。澳大利亚平均饮食中的 GHGe 为每人每天 14.5 千克二氧化碳当量 (CO(2)e)。澳大利亚饮食指南中推荐的饮食模式是营养丰富且 GHGe 最低（类似于比平均饮食低 25%）。对与饮食相关的 GHGe 贡献最大的食物类别是红肉（每人每天 8.0 千克 CO(2)e）和能量密集、营养不良的“非核心”食物（3.9 千克 CO(2)e）。非核心食物占饮食相关排放量的 27%。减少非核心食品和食用推荐份量的核心食品是可以为人口健康和环境带来好处的策略。这些数据将能够比较膳食摄入量和 GHGe 随时间的变化，并为满足人口营养需求和具有最低 GHGe 的饮食提供参考点。
Nutrition guidelines now consider the environmental impact of food choices as well as maintaining health. In Australia there is insufficient data quantifying the environmental impact of diets, limiting our ability to make evidence-based recommendations. This paper used an environmentally extended input-output model of the economy to estimate greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) for different food sectors. These data were augmented with food intake estimates from the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey. The GHGe of the average Australian diet was 14.5 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO(2)e) per person per day. The recommended dietary patterns in the Australian Dietary Guidelines are nutrient rich and have the lowest GHGe (similar to 25% lower than the average diet). Food groups that made the greatest contribution to diet-related GHGe were red meat (8.0 kg CO(2)e per person per day) and energy-dense, nutrient poor "non-core" foods (3.9 kg CO(2)e). Non-core foods accounted for 27% of the diet-related emissions. A reduction in non-core foods and consuming the recommended serves of core foods are strategies which may achieve benefits for population health and the environment. These data will enable comparisons between changes in dietary intake and GHGe over time, and provide a reference point for diets which meet population nutrient requirements and have the lowest GHGe.