Analysis of River Wave Types
Analysis of River Wave Types
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河流波浪类型分析
DOI：
10.1029/wr021i002p00209
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
M. Ferrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Ferrick
在本文中，我们考虑了河流中的长周期浅水波，它是非恒定流的结果。河浪产生于水坝的水力发电或流量控制、水坝决口、冰塞的形成或释放以及降雨径流过程。圣维南方程通常用来描述河浪。定义了动态波、重力波、扩散波和运动学河流波，每一种都对应于不同形式的动量方程，每一种都适用于河流水力特性和波浪运动时间尺度的总体范围的某些子集。然而，与每个波描述相对应的参数范围没有很好地定义，并且波类型之间的转换也没有被探索。本文对这些区域进行了研究，这些区域是河流波浪模拟的基础。这一分析是基于这样一个概念，即河流的波浪特性是由摩擦力和惯性之间的平衡决定的。圣维南方程被组合成一个以无量纲形式写成的系统方程。系统方程的主导项随一组量化摩擦-惯性平衡的无量纲标度参数的相对大小而变化。这些尺度参数是连续的，表明各种河流波浪类型及其之间的过渡形成了一个谱。通过将尺度参数解释为随机变量，将描述河流和波浪的物理变异性的附加数据纳入分析。这种概率解释提供了对摩擦-惯性平衡的改进估计，进一步洞察了波转变的连续性质，并测量了转变附近的波型评估的可靠性。案例研究被用来定义代表每种波类型和转变的定标参数范围，并提供数据以评估分析对一般应用的有用性。
In this paper we consider long-period, shallow-water waves in rivers that are a consequence of unsteady flow. River waves result from hydroelectric power generation or flow control at a dam, the breach of a dam, the formation or release of an ice jam, and rainfall-runoff processes. The Saint-Venant equations are generally used to describe river waves. Dynamic, gravity, diffusion, and kinematic river waves have been defined, each corresponding to different forms of the momentum equation and each applying to some subset of the overall range of river hydraulic properties and time scales of wave motion. However, the parameter ranges corresponding to each wave description are not well defined, and the transitions between wave types have not been explored. This paper is an investigation into these areas, which are fundamental to river wave modeling. The analysis is based on the concept that river wave behavior is determined by the balance between friction and inertia. The Saint-Venant equations are combined to form a system equation that is written in dimensionless form. The dominant terms of the system equation change with the relative magnitudes of a group of dimensionless scaling parameters that quantify the friction-inertia balance. These scaling parameters are continuous, indicating that the various river wave types and the transitions between them form a spectrum. Additional data describing the physical variability of a river and wave are incorporated into the analysis by interpreting the scaling parameters as random variables. This probabilistic interpretation provides an improved estimate of the friction-inertia balance, further insight into the continuous nature of wave transitions, and a measure of the reliability of wave type assessments near a transition. Case studies are used to define the scaling parameter ranges representing each wave type and transition and to provide data with which to evaluate the usefulness of the analysis for general application.