The honeybee queen and her attendants
The honeybee queen and her attendants
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DOI：
10.1016/0003-3472(60)90028-2
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发表时间：
1960-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
ALLEN, M. DELLA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALLEN, M. DELLA
196只单独标记的蜜蜂检查了女王，并记录了它们访问的持续时间。从明显的想要避开女王到强烈的想要和她待在一起的种种行为都被发现了。个体蜜蜂的行为在不同的访问中有所不同，但没有发现规律的顺序。超过一半的访问持续时间为30秒或更短，而其余的访问时间超过30秒，最多41分钟。大约8%的探视时间很短，突然结束，并有惊慌的迹象，但这种行为的原因并不明显。研究人员的年龄从几小时到52天不等，但在短时间和长时间工作的人之间没有明显的年龄分布差异。相对于不同年龄的被标记蜜蜂的总数，工蜂充当侍从的比例没有系统的变化，尽管在一个平均年龄较低的蜂群中（如在夏季），年轻侍从的实际数量显然大大超过年长的蜜蜂。舔女王的服务员的年龄范围与服务员的总体年龄范围相似。在两个蜂群中，喂食蜂王的侍从年龄从1天到23天不等。在蜂王出现的当天，没有看到蜜蜂喂养蜂王，尽管记录的最大数量发生在成年后的几天里。不同年龄的蜜蜂喂食的时间没有明显的系统变化，两个群体的平均值为44秒。这些结果与其他作者关于咽腺活动周期的工作有关。在活跃的育巢季节（4 - 7月）到蜂群时间（4 - 7月）期间进行的观察表明，在蜂群离开前2-3周，提供给蜂王的饲料数量和持续时间趋于增加，但在后期，大约从蜂王细胞形成开始，饲料数量和持续时间都减少了。因此，在蜂群准备期间，蚁后得到的食物数量逐渐减少。同一时期的鸡蛋产量也呈现出类似的趋势。摘要作者：作者
196 individually marked bees were seen to examine the queen and the durations of their visits were recorded. All gradations of behavior varying from an apparent desire to avoid the queen to a strong desire to remain with her were found. The behavior of individual bees varied on different visits, but no regular sequence could be found. More than half the total number of visits had a duration of 30 seconds or less while the remainder were longer than 30 seconds, with a maximum of 41 minutes. About 8% of the visits were very short and terminated abruptly and with signs of alarm, but no reason for this type of behavior was apparent. The ages of the attendants varied from a few hours to 52 days but no obvious difference in age-distribution between the attendants remaining for very short periods and those remaining for longer was found. In relation to the total numbers of marked bees of different ages present the proportion of workers acting as attendants showed no systematic variations, although in a colony where the average age was low (as in summer) the actual numbers of young attendants would apparently greatly exceed those of the older ones. The age-range of attendants licking the queen was similar to the overall age-range of the attendants. The ages of the attendants feeding the queen in two colonies ranged from 1 day to 23 days. No bee was seen to feed the queen during the day of its emergence, although the greatest numbers recorded occurred in the next few days of adult life. No systematic changes were apparent in the duration of feeds given by bees of different ages, the mean value for two colonies being 44 seconds. These results are discussed in relation to the work of other authors on the period of activity of the pharyngeal glands. Observations made during the season of active brood-rearing up to swarming time (April-July) showed that the number and duration of feeds supplied to the queen tended to rise until 2-3 weeks before the swarm left but in this latter period both number and duration decreased, approximately from the time that queen cell formation started. Thus the queen received gradually diminishing quantities of food in the period of swarm preparation. Egg-production over the same period showed a similar trend. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: Author