Transitivity in context: A rational analysis of intransitive choice and context-sensitive preference.
Transitivity in context: A rational analysis of intransitive choice and context-sensitive preference.
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语境中的及物性：对不及物选择和语境敏感偏好的理性分析。
DOI：
10.1037/dec0000037
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
C. Mckenzie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johannes Müller;Shlomi Sher;C. Mckenzie
在有关决策的文献中报道了一些明显违反及物性的现象。然而，这些影响已被证明与随机偏好模型兼容，其中偏好在每个时间点都是可传递的，但随时间随机变化。这样的模型暗示，选择比例将符合一组被称为三角不等式的条件，迄今为止还没有明确的三角不等式违反经验证明。本文研究了一类更广泛的选择模型——“上下文敏感偏好模型”，其中当前和以前的选择背景历史可以系统地影响决策者的随机偏好。即使偏好总是可传递的，这些模型也会违反三角不等式。此外，本文还对不完全信息下的决策进行了分析，在这种情况下，理性的决策者从当前的选择情境中进行推断，但对过去的情境的记忆有限。研究表明，由于在传递偏好顺序之间的上下文依赖切换，这些决策者可以表现出任意大小的非传递选择周期。两个实验验证了该模型的预测，并观察到明显违反三角不等式的情况。
Several apparent violations of transitivity have been reported in the literature on decision making. However, these effects have been shown to be compatible with random preference models, in which preferences are transitive at each point in time but vary at random over time. Such models imply that choice proportions will conform to a set of conditions called the triangle inequalities, and no clear triangle inequality violations have been empirically demonstrated to date. This article examines a broader class of choice models—“context-sensitive preference models”—in which the current and prior history of choice contexts can systematically influence decision makers’ stochastic preferences. These models generate violations of the triangle inequalities even when preferences are always transitive. Furthermore, the article develops an analysis of decision making under incomplete information, in which rational decision makers draw inferences from the present choice context, but have limited memory for past contexts. It is shown that such decision makers can exhibit intransitive choice cycles of arbitrary magnitude as a result of context-dependent switching between transitive preference orders. Two experiments test the model’s predictions, and clear violations of the triangle inequalities are observed.
QTest：二元选择理论的定量测试。
DOI：
10.1037/dec0000007
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Decisions
影响因子：
--
作者：
Regenwetter,Michel;Davis-Stober,ClintinP;Lim,ShiauHong;Guo,Ying;Popova,Anna;Zwilling,Chris;Cha,Yun-Shil;Messner,William
通讯作者：
Messner,William