The deep structure of the Scandes and its relation to tectonic history and present-day topography
The deep structure of the Scandes and its relation to tectonic history and present-day topography
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斯坎德山脉的深层结构及其与构造历史和现今地形的关系
DOI：
10.1016/j.tecto.2013.03.010
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wawerzinek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maupin;Agostini;Artemieva;Balling;Beekman;Ebbing;England;Frassetto;Gradmann;Jacobsen;Köhler;Kvarven;Medhus;Mjelde;Ritter;Sokoutis;Stratford;Wawerzinek
我们回顾了TopoScandiaDeep项目的结果，该项目是TOPOEUROPE项目的一个组成部分，在该项目中，我们研究了挪威南部与其高地形相关的地壳和上地幔结构。斯堪的纳维亚山脉（斯堪的那维亚山脉）是位于波罗的海地盾西部边缘的大陆内山脉，其南部位于挪威南部。引起Scandes形成的时间和过程是有争议的。我们提供了该地区的地壳和地幔地震模型，并对岩石圈及其潜在变形进行了综合建模，为这一问题带来了新的地球物理约束。利用折射线、p -接收函数和噪声相互关系的数据，编制了新的莫霍深度和地壳地震速度图。这些结果表明地壳从西南向东北增厚，地壳根不直接位于地形高点下方。P-、S-和面波层析成像推断地震地幔速度低于正常的盾构，在奥斯陆地堑附近可能有一个尖锐的边界。这些低速在岩石圈和下面的地幔中被成像，直到410公里的不连续层。地震模型和重力数据的综合模拟表明，挪威南部以下的低速与岩石圈厚度的变化是一致的，从挪威南部的约100公里到瑞典南部的近200公里，可能在组成上有额外的差异。研究还表明，地形可以通过地壳和岩石圈地幔的密度分布进行均衡维持。我们认为岩石圈横向变化已经存在了至少300万年，并对地形的定位产生了重大影响，而与隆升机制无关。
We review the results of the TopoScandiaDeep project, a component of the TOPOEUROPE project, in which we have studied the crustal and upper mantle structures of southern Norway in relation to its high topography.The Scandinavian Mountain Chain (the Scandes) is an intracontinental mountain chain at the western edge of the Baltic shield, and has its southern part located in southern Norway. The timing as well as the processes causing the formation of the Scandes are disputed. We bring new geophysical constraints to this issue by providing crustal and mantle seismic models for the area and by integrated modeling of the lithosphere and its potential deformation.New maps of Moho depth and crustal seismic velocities have been compiled using data from refraction lines, P-receiver functions and noise cross-correlation. These results show a thickening of the crust from southwest to northeast and a small crustal root not directly located below the topographic high. P-, S- and surface wave tomography infer seismic mantle velocities lower than in normal shield structure, with a possible sharp boundary close to the Oslo Graben. These low velocities are imaged in the lithosphere and in the underlying mantle down to the 410 km discontinuity.Integrated modeling of seismic models and gravity data shows that the low velocities below southern Norway are compatible with a change in lithosphere thickness from c. 100 km under southern Norway to nearly 200 km under southern Sweden, with possible additional differences in composition. The study also indicates that the topography can be isostatically sustained by the density distribution in the crust and lithospheric mantle.We argue that the lithospheric lateral variation has been present for at least 300 My and has had a significant influence on the localization of the topography, independently of the mechanism for uplift.
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