Investigating parasite dynamics of migratory ungulates for sustaining healthy populations: Application to critically-endangered saiga antelopes Saiga tatarica
Investigating parasite dynamics of migratory ungulates for sustaining healthy populations: Application to critically-endangered saiga antelopes Saiga tatarica
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109465
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发表时间：
2022-01-22
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Morgan, Eric R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khanyari, Munib;Milner-Gulland, E. J.;Morgan, Eric R.
野生和家养有蹄类动物之间的接触在牧场上不断增加，从而使疾病能够共同传播。考虑到复杂系统行为的不确定性、有限的经验数据以及干预的后勤障碍，疾病管理是困难的。我们研究了家畜和极度濒危的迁徙赛加羚羊共享的牧场中胃肠线虫(GIN)的传播，以便在当前和看似合理的未来情景下模拟牲畜数量增加、气候变化和抗蠕虫治疗下的感染动态。我们的模型是利用观察到的粪便线虫卵产量和宿主数量和分布的数据，为全球有蹄类动物死亡和发病的一种原因--杜松子毛虫进行了参数化。结果表明，季节性迁徙导致了寄生虫传播的不对称性，大部分杜松子酒是在秋季和冬季通过家畜的牧场污染获得的。因此，在这些地区的季节早期减少牲畜的寄生虫负担可以不成比例地减少对赛加的交叉传播。预计在赛加春季和夏季范围内对家畜进行早期杜松子酒抑制对寄生虫传播到赛加的影响较小，但会减少产犊期间的感染，在这一关键时刻潜在地提高人口健康和韧性。最适时的治疗可以抵消牲畜数量增加对新城疫感染压力的影响，而气候变暖在所有情况下对新城疫传播的影响都很小。我们的发现可以支持更好地理解和缓解影响赛加健康和农村生计的因素。我们的方法可以移植到其他系统，特别是那些具有迁移主机的系统。
Contact between wild and domestic ungulates is increasing across rangelands, enabling disease co-transmission. Disease management is difficult given uncertainties in complex system behavior, limited empirical data, and logistical obstacles to interventions. We studied gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) transmission in a rangeland shared by both livestock and the critically-endangered migratory saiga antelope, Saiga tatarica, in order to model infection dynamics under current and plausible future scenarios of increasing livestock numbers, climate change and anti-helminth treatments. Our model was parameterised for trichostrongylid GIN - a cause of mortality and morbidity in ungulates globally -using data on observed faecal nematode egg output and host numbers and distribution. Results showed that seasonal saiga migration leads to asymmetry in parasite transmission, with the majority of GIN acquired by saigas in their autumn and winter range through prior pasture contamination from livestock. Consequently, reducing parasite burdens in livestock early in the season in these areas could dispro-portionately reduce cross-transmission to saigas. Early-season GIN suppression in livestock in the saiga's spring and summer range was predicted to have weaker effect on parasite transmission to saigas but reduces infections during the calving period, potentially increasing population health and resilience at this critical time. Optimally timed treatments could offset the effects of increasing livestock numbers on GIN infection pressure, while climate warming had only marginal impacts on GIN transmission under all scenarios. Our findings could support better understanding and mitigation of factors affecting saiga health and rural livelihoods. Our approach is transferable to other systems, particularly those with migratory hosts.