Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure among pregnant women in Canada - Results from the MIREC study
Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure among pregnant women in Canada - Results from the MIREC study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.010
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Fraser, William D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arbuckle, Tye E.;Davis, Karelyn;Fraser, William D.
双酚 A (BPA) 和邻苯二甲酸盐是内分泌干扰物，可能与不良的生殖和神经发育结果有关。这些化学物质通常在人口调查中在尿液中进行测量：然而，此类数据对于大量孕妇来说是有限的，特别是对于怀孕的关键前三个月。该研究的目的是测量大型全国范围妊娠队列研究中收集的妊娠早期尿液样本中的 BPA 和邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物，并确定暴露的主要预测因素。从加拿大各地的 10 个地点招募了大约 2000 名怀孕前三个月的妇女。通过问卷调查来获取参与者的人口统计和社会经济数据，并收集现场尿液样本并分析总 BPA (GC-MS/MS) 和 11 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物 (LC-MS/MS)。母体尿液中 BPA 总量的几何平均 (GM) 浓度（未校正比重）为 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.85) mu g/L。近 88% 的女性尿液中可检测到 BPA 浓度。按母亲特征（以比重作为线性模型中的协变量）对尿液 BPA 浓度进行分析表明，几何平均浓度：(1) 随着母亲年龄的增加而降低，(2) 与从不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者或怀孕期间戒烟的女性的浓度较高，(3) 提供空腹尿样且出生在加拿大、收入和教育程度较低的女性的浓度往往较高。所分析的几种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物在该人群中并不普遍（MCHP、MMP、MiNP、MOP），可检测到的百分比低于 15%。测得浓度最高的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物是MEP（GM：32.02μg/L）和MnBP（GM：11.59μg/L）。 MBzP 尿浓度随母亲年龄的增加而降低，但不随尿液收集时间的变化而变化；而老年女性以及当天晚些时候收集尿液时，DEHP 代谢物往往较高。这项研究为怀孕前三个月采样的最大孕妇群体提供了第一个生物监测结果。结果表明，这群孕妇对这些化学物质的暴露程度与加拿大全国人口调查中观察到的水平相当，甚至更低。皇冠版权所有 (C) 2014 由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。保留所有权利。
Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are endocrine disruptors possibly linked to adverse reproductive and neurodevelopmental outcomes. These chemicals have commonly been measured in urine in population surveys: however, such data are limited for large populations of pregnant women, especially for the critical first trimester of pregnancy. The aim of the study was to measure BPA and phthalate metabolites in first trimester urine samples collected in a large national-scale pregnancy cohort study and to identify major predictors of exposure. Approximately 2000 women were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy from ten sites across Canada. A questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic and socio-economic data on participants and a spot urine sample was collected and analyzed for total BPA (GC-MS/MS) and 11 phthalate metabolites (LC-MS/MS). The geometric mean (GM) maternal urinary concentration of total BPA, uncorrected for specific gravity, was 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.85) mu g/L. Almost 88% of the women had detectable urinary concentrations of BPA. An analysis of urinary concentrations of BPA by maternal characteristics with specific gravity as a covariate in the linear model showed that the geometric mean concentrations: (1) decreased with increasing maternal age, (2) were higher in current smokers or women who quit during pregnancy compared to never smokers, and (3) tended to be higher in women who provided a fasting urine sample and who were born in Canada, and had lower incomes and education. Several of the phthalate metabolites analyzed were not prevalent in this population (MCHP, MMP, MiNP, MOP), with percentages detectable at less than 15%. The phthalate metabolites with the highest measured concentrations were MEP (GM: 32.02 mu g/L) and MnBP (GM: 11.59 mu g/L). MBzP urinary concentrations decreased with maternal age but did not differ by time of urine collection; whereas the DEHP metabolites tended to be higher in older women and when the urine was collected later in the day. This study provides the first biomonitoring results for the largest population of pregnant women sampled in the first trimester of pregnancy. The results indicate that exposure among this population of pregnant women to these chemicals is comparable to or even lower than that observed in a Canadian national population-based survey. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.