Conquered or Granted? A History of Suffrage Extensions
Conquered or Granted? A History of Suffrage Extensions
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被征服还是被授予？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Przeworski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Przeworski
为什么特许经营权扩展到下层阶级和女性？它是被被排挤的群体征服的吗？他们威胁说，除非他们被接纳为公民，否则他们将通过其他革命的手段夺取权力？或者这是现任精英们自愿批准的？这个问题是使用一个新的数据集进行统计检验的，该数据集涵盖了从有代表性的机构成立到现在的整个世界。出现的总体情况是，较贫穷的阶级通过斗争进入代议制机构，一旦被承认，他们是由不同的政党组成的。为了实现其经济和社会目标，这些政党寻求提高其选举地位，将妇女选举权问题视为选举竞争的一种手段。
Why was franchise extended to the lower classses and to women? Was it conquered by the excluded groups, threatening that unless they were admitted as citizens they would reach for power by other, revolutionary, means? Or was it voluntarily granted by the incumbent elites? This question is examined statistically, using a new dataset covering the entire world from the inception of representative institutions until now. The general picture that emerges is that the poorer classes fought their way into the representative institutions and, once admitted, they were organized by different political parties. In pursuit of their economic and social goals, these parties sought to enhance their electoral positions, treating the issue of female suffrage as an instrument of electoral competition.